Spanish words of Basque/Iberian origin
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This is a list of Spanish words which are supposed to be of Basque, Iberian origin, or coming from some other pre-roman language in the Iberian Peninsula. Some of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other languages. Some of these words have alternate etymologies and may also appear on a list of Spanish words from a different language.
List
- abarca "sandal" (cf. Basque abarka)
- aberzale "patriot" (cf. Basque abertzale). Recent loanword
- aizcolari (cf. Basque aizkolari). Recent loanword
- alud "avalanche" (cf. Basque luta "rockslide", lurte "avalanche", fr. lur "ground"; not related to elur "snow" < pre-Basque *erur)
- aquelarre "witches' sabbath" (cf. Basque akelarre "goat field", fr. larre "field" and aker "kid")
- ardite "money of little value" (fr. Gasc ardit, fr. Basque ardít)
- arroyo "stream" (cf. LL arrugia)
- azcona "hand-thrown weapon used in past times"
- ascua "embers" (cf. Basque askuo, askua, fr. hauts "cinder")
- bacalao "cod" (< Ned bakeljauw, cf. Basque bakailao)
- barranca/barranco
- barro "clay, mud"
- batúa
- bayoneta
- becerro "yearling calf" (< OSp bezerro "bull"; cf. Basque bei "cow" + zekor "bullock")
- bizarro "galant, spirited" (cf. Basque bizar "beard")
- boina "beret" (cf. LL abonnis "cap")
- bruces, caer de "headlong, to fall"
- cachorro "puppy" (cf. Basque txakur "whelp")
- calimotxo "a type of punch (drink)". Recent loanword
- cama "bed"
- cazurro
- cencerro "cowbell" (cf. Basque zinzerri "animal bell")
- chabola (< Fr geôle; cf. Basque txabola)
- chacolí, type of basque wine. Recent loanword
- chamorro "close-cropped"
- chaparro "dwarf oak" (cf. Basque txapar)
- chaparrón
- chapela, type of basque cap. Recent loanword
- charco "puddle"
- charro "crude" (cf. Basque txar "bad, faulty")
- chasco
- chatarra "scrap" (cf. Basque txatar "old iron")
- chiquito
- chirimbolo "circular slice" (cf. Basque txirimbol)
- churre "thick grease" (cf. Basque txur "miserly, economical")
- chistera
- cococha "cod's chin"
- conejo "rabbit" (< Lat cuniculus; cf. Basque untxi "rabbit", from earlier *kuntxi)
- ertzaina, "basque policeman". Recent loanword
- ertzaintza, "basque police". Recent loanword
- gabarra (cf. Basque kabarra, fr. Latin carabus, fr. Gk kárabos)
- galápago "tortoise"
- garma "scree, steep mountain slope"
- garrapata "tick" (cf. Basque gapar, kapar "briar")
- gazapo "young rabbit"
- gordo "fat"
- guijarro "pebble" (cf. Basque gisuarri "limestone")
- gusano, gusarapo "maggot, caterpillar" (cf. Basque zizain "worm" < Medieval Basque *zizani)
- ikastola, "Basquelanguage school". Recent loanword
- izquierda "left" (cf. Basque ezker)
- laya "spade" (cf. Basque laía)
- legaña "rheum" (cf. Basque lakaiña "cord, roughness, knob on a tree", formerly "strand")
- madroño "strawberry tree"
- manteca "lard"
- maraña "thicket"
- mochil
- muérdago
- narria "sledge" (cf. Basque nar, narra "towing, sled")
- nava "marshy valley, plain" (cf. Basque naba)
- órdago "Mus card game expression pronnounced when you win" (cf. Basque or dago "there it is")
- páramo "moor"
- parque "park"
- parra "vine, trellis"
- parranda "fiesta"
- pelotari, "player of Pelota". Recent loanword
- perro "dog"
- pestaña "eyelash" (cf. Basque pizta "rheum", piztule "eyelash")
- pitarra, pitaña "rheum" (cf. Basque pitar "rheum")
- pizarra "slate" (cf. Basque pizar "fragment")
- sapo "toad"
- sarna "scabies"
- sarro "tooth plaque"
- silo (cf. Basque zilo, zulo "dugout, cave or shelter for keeping grain")
- socarrar "to scorch" (cf. Basque (dial. and arch.) sukarr, sukarra "flames, fire", fr. su "fire" and karr, karra "flame"
- soca-tira, "game of Tug of war". Recent loanword
- urraca "magpie"
- vasco "basque"
- vega "river-plain" (cf. Basque ibaiko "bank", from bai "river")
- vizcaíno
- zamarra/chamarra (cf. Basque zamar "fleece")
- zanca "bird leg, slim leg", zanco "stilt" (cf. Basque zango "leg")
- zarrio "excessively adorned" (cf. Basque txar "bad, faulty") (or of Arabic origin)
- zarza "bramble" (cf. Basque sartzia)
- zatico/zatillo "piece of bread" (cf. Basque zati)
- zorra "fox" (cf. Basque azaria, from "lazy")
- zulo "hole" (cf. Basque zulo). Recent loanword
- zurdo "left-handed" (cf. Basque zur "stingy, miserly", zurrun "inflexible, hard")
- zurrón "sack" (cf. Basque zorro)
See also
References
- Corominas, Juan. Breve diccinario etimológico de la lengua castellaña, 2nd ed. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, S.A., 1967.
- Gómez de Silva, Guida. Elsevier's Concise Spanish Etymological Dictionary. New York: Elsevier, 1985.
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Published - February 2009
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