Latin words with English derivatives

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Latin words with English derivatives

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This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

Note that ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin spelling and pronunciation.

1 Nouns and adjectives
2 Verbs
3 Prepositions used to form compound words
4 Other parts of speech
5 See also
6 External links

Nouns and adjectives

The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English from Latin nouns are generally derived.

Latin Nouns and Adjectives
Citation form	Declining stem	Meaning	English derivative
acerbus	acerb-	bitter	acerbic
acetum	acet-	vinegar	acetic
aedificium	aedifici-	building	edifice
alacer	alacr-	quick	alacrity
album	alb-	white	album
alius	ali-	other	alien
anima	anim-	soul, life	animate
annus	ann-	year	annual
aqua	aqu-	water	aquamarine aquatic
audax	audac-	brave, bold	audacious
auris	aur-	ear	aural
avis	avi-	bird	avian aviary
bellum	bell-	war	bellicose belligerence
bonus – melior – optimus	bon- – melior- – optim-	good – better – best	bonus ameliorate optimum
bōs	bov-	cow	bovine
canis	can-	dog	canine
cīvis	civit-	citizen	civil civilian
coniunx	coniug-	spouse	conjugal
cornu	corn-	horn	unicorn
deus	de-	god	deity
diēs	diē-	day	diet diary
discipulus	discipul-	student	disciple
dominus	domin-	lord	dominion dominate
domus	dom-	house	domain domestic domicile
equus	equ-	horse	equestrian
falx	falc-	sickle	falcate
felinae	felin-	cat-like	feline
fēmina	fēmin-	woman	feminine
filius	fili-	son	filial
finis	fini-	limit	infinite final
flos	flor-	flower	floral
forma	form-	form, shape, beauty	form
fors	fort-	luck	fortuitous
fortitudō	fort-	strength	fortitude fortify
frater	fratr-	brother	fraternity
frux	frug-	fruit	frugal
fumus	fum-	smoke	fume
genus	gen-	birth, offspring, creation	generation genuine
homō	homin-	man (human being)	hominid
ignis	-	fire	ignite
insula	insul-	island	insulate peninsula insular
jūdex	jūdic-	judge	judge judicial adjudicate
jūs	jūr-	right law	justice jurisdiction
lachryma	lachrym-	tear	lachrymose
lex	lēg-	law	legal
lūna	lūn-	moon	lunar
lupus	lup-	wolf	lupine
magister	magistr-	teacher	magistrate
magnus – mājor – maximus	magn- – mājor- – maxim-	big – bigger – biggest	magnitude major maximum
malus	mal-	bad	malevolence malice
manus	manu-	hand band of men	manual
mare	mar-	sea	marine maritime
māter	mātr-	mother	matron maternal
mora	mor-	delay	moratorium
nihil	nihil-	nothing	nil nihilism annihilate
nox	noct-	night	nocturnal
oculus	ocul-	eye	inoculate ocular
onus	oner-	load	exonerate onus
pater	patr-	father	patron paternal patriarch
pavimentum	paviment-	ground	pavement
pes	ped-	foot	pedestrian
pulcher	pulchr-	beautiful	pulchritude
rex	rēg-	king	regal
rūs	rūr-	farm	rural rustic
sinister	sinistr-	left	sinister
terra	terr-	land	terrain terrestrial
unda	und-	wave	undulate
urbs	urb-	city	urban
Ursidae	urs-	bear	ursine
vehiculum	vehicul-	wagon	vehicle
veritas	ver-	truth	veracity verify
villa	vill-	country house	village villa
vir	vir-	man (male person)	virile
vulpinae	vulp-	fox	vulpine

Verbs

In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" becomes "incipio".

Latin Verbs
Citation form	Present stem	Perfect stem	Participial stem	Meaning	Typical derivative
agō	ag-	eg-	āct-	do	agent, action
amō	am-	amav-	amat-	like love	enamor
audiō	aud-	audiv-	audit-	hear	audible
capiō -cipiō	cap-	cep- -cip-	capt- -cept-	take	capable, captive recipient, reception
cēdō	cēd-		cess-	yield, depart	recede, recession
cogitō	cogit-	cogitav-	cogitat-	think ponder	cogitate
colligo	colligere	collegi	collectus	collect	collect
claudō -clūdō	claud- -clūd-		claus- -clūs-	close	conclude, conclusive
clinō	clin-		clinat-	lean	recline
cubō	cub-		cubat-	lie	incubator
currō	curr-	cucurr-	curs-	run	current recursion
dō	d-		dat- -dit-	give	add dative
doleō	dol-	dolui	dolit-	grieve	dolor condolence
dubitō	dubit-	dubitav-	dubitat-	doubt	indubitable
excipio	excipere	excepi	exceptus	receive	except
faciō -ficiō	fac-	fec- -fic-	fact- -fect-	make	effective, factory
ferō	fer-	tul-	lāt-	bring	fertile, refer, relate
fīgō	fīg-	fīx-		fix	crucifixion
fingō	fing-		fict	fashion, invent	fiction
gradior -gredior	gradi- -gredi-	gress- -gress-	none	step	ingredient, progressive
gustō	gust-	gustav-	gustat-	taste	gustation
jaciō -(j)iciō	jac-	jec- (j)ic-	jact- -ject-	throw	projectile inject
laudō	laud-	laudav-	laudat-	praise	laud laudable
locō	loc-	locav-	locat-	place put	location
lūdō	lūd-		lūs-	play	collude, collusion
mergō	merg-	mers-		dip	emerge, immerse
mittō	mitt-	mīs-	miss-	send	commit, missive
moveō	mov-	mov-	mot-	move	move motor motive motion
nascor	nasci	natus	none	to be born	natal prenatal
necō	nec-	necav-	necat-	dead	necrophilia, necrophilia
nōscō -gnōscō	nōsc- -gnōsc-	nosc-	nōt- -gnōt-, -gnit-	know	notable cognitive
nuntiō	nunt-	nuntiav-	nuntiat-	bring news of, announce	announce
petō	pet-	petiv-	petit-	seek attack	petulant
pōnō	pōn-	posu-	posit-	put	component, position
portō			portat-	carry	deport
premō -primō	prem-	press-	press-	push	pressure, oppress
pugnō	pugn-	pugnav-	pugnat-	fight	pugnacious
putō	put-	putav-	putat-	think	compute putative
relinquō	relinqu-	reliqu-	relict-	abandon	relinquish
rideō			ris-	laugh, smile	deride ridiculous
rumpō	rump-	rup-	rupt-	break	rupture, interrupt
sciō	sc-	sciv-	scit-	know	science
scrībō	scrīb-	scrips-	scrīpt-	write	scripture
sedeō	sed-	sed-	sess-	sit	sedentary sediment
sequor	seq-	secut- sum		follow	sequence
sum	es-	fu-	futur-	be	essence, future
veniō	ven-		vent-	come	convene, prevention
vertō	vert-	vers-	vers-	turn	reverse, revert
videō	vidē-	vid-	vīs-	see	vision
vivō	viv-	vix-	vict-	live	vivacity
volō	vell-	volu-		wish	volition benevolent malevolent
volvō	volv-		volūt-	roll	revolve, revolution
voveō	vov-		vot-	vow	votive

Prepositions used to form compound words

Latin Preposition
Latin word	Meaning	Prefix
ad	to, toward	ad-
a	to, toward	a-
cum	with, together	con-, com-, col-
dē	down from, about	de-
ē, ex	out of	ex, e-, ec-
in	in, into	in-, im-, il-
inter	between	inter-, intel-
juxtā	near, close to	juxtā
ob	in front of, on account of	ob-, oc-
prae	before	prae-(pre-)
re	again, back	re-, red-
sē	away from	se-
per	through	per-
prō	for, in front of, on behalf of	pro-
post	after, behind	post-
sub	under	sub-, sus-, suc-
super	above, on top of	super-
trāns	across	trans-
ultra	beyond	ultra-