English words containing Q not followed by U
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the free encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_containing_Q_not_followed_by_U
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In English, the letter q is usually
followed by the letter u. While this is true in the
vast majority of cases, there are some exceptions,
the majority of which are naturalised from Arabic,
Chinese, Hebrew, Inuktitut, or other languages which
do not use the English alphabet, with q representing
a sound not found in English. For example, in the
Chinese pinyin alphabet, qi is pronounced /tʃi/,
as pinyin uses ‹q› to represent the sound [tɕʰ],
which is approximated as [tʃ]
in English. In other examples, q represents [q], such
as in qat and faqir, and alternative spellings are
accepted which use k in place of q.
Almost all of these words are nouns,
and most would generally be considered loanwords.
However, they are all considered to be naturalised
in English according to at least one major dictionary
(see References), often because they refer to concepts
or societal roles that do not have an accurate equivalent
in English. For words to appear here, they must appear
in their own entry in a dictionary; words which occur
only as part of a longer phrase are not included.
In addition, there are many place
names and personal names, mostly originating from
North Africa, the Middle East or China, that have
a q without a u. The most familiar of these are the
countries of Iraq and Qatar, along with the derived
words Iraqi and Qatari. Iqaluit, the capital of the
territory Nunavut, Canada also has a q which is not
directly followed by a u. Qaqortoq, in Greenland,
is notable for having three naked qs. Other proper
names and acronyms that have attained the status of
English words include: Compaq (a computer company),
Qantas (an Australian airline), Nasdaq (the US electronic
stock market) and QinetiQ (a British technology company).
Zaqqum (a tree mentioned in the Qur'an) and Saqqara
are proper nouns notable for their use of a double
q. However the nouns in this list are common nouns.
Words
Unless noted otherwise all words listed
here are assumed to be pluralized by adding -s or
-es. References in the "Sources" column
relate to the headword in column one; variant spellings
are then separately referenced. The sources given
are selective, and the absence of a reference to a
particular dictionary does not necessarily mean that
the word does not appear in that dictionary.
|
Word |
Meaning |
Sources |
Other forms |
Etymology |
| buqsha |
A former
Yemeni monetary unit. |
[L] |
Also
written bogache. |
Arabic. |
| burqa |
A veiled
garment worn by Muslim women. |
[ODE]
[LC]
[C]
[AHC]
[OED] |
Also
written burka or burqua. |
Urdu and
Persian burqa, from Arabic burqu`. |
| cinq |
The number
five, as signified in dice or cards. |
[ODE]
[COD]
[OED] |
|
French cinq, "five". |
| cinqfoil |
A plant
of the genus Potentilla, or an ornamental design thereof. |
[SOED]
[OED] |
Much
more commonly written cinquefoil. |
Middle English,
from Latin quinquefolium, from quinque "five" + folium "leaf". |
| coq |
A
trimming of cock feathers on a woman's hat. |
[WI] |
|
French
coq, "cockerel". |
| faqih |
An
Islamic lawyer. |
[RHW] |
Plural
faqihs or fuqaha [RHU]. |
Arabic
فقيه. |
| faqir |
A
Muslim ascetic. |
[L] |
More
commonly written fakir. |
Arabic
فقير |
| fiqh |
Muslim
jurisprudence. |
[ODE] |
|
Arabic
فقه, "understanding". |
| inqilab |
A revolution
in India or Pakistan. |
[C] |
|
|
| mbaqanga |
A style
of South African music. |
[ODE]
[C]
[W] |
|
Zulu
umbaqanga, "steamed maize bread". |
| miqra |
The
Tanakh, or Hebrew text of the Bible. |
[WI] |
|
Hebrew
מקרא. |
| muqaddam |
A Bangladeshi headman. |
[C] |
|
|
| nastaliq |
An
Arabic script used in Persian writings. |
[OED] |
Also
written nasta'liq [C], nestaliq [OED], or shortened
to just taliq [OED]. |
Arabic
نستعليق, from naskh + ta`liq. |
| pontacq |
A
sweet wine from Pontac. |
[OED] |
|
|
| qabab |
A
dish consisting of pieces of seasoned meat. |
[OED] |
Much
more commonly written kebab, kebob
or kabob. |
Arabic. |
| qabalah |
A
form of Jewish mysticism. |
[C]
[AHC]
[WI] |
More
commonly written Kabbalah, and also
written Qabala [AHC], Qabbala
[WI],
Cabalah etc. |
Hebrew קַבָּלָה. |
| qadarite |
A
member of the Qadariyah. |
[RHU] |
|
|
| qadariyah |
In
Islam, adherents of the doctrine of free
will. |
[RHU] |
Also
written Qadariya [RHU]. |
|
| qaddish |
In
Judaism, a prayer of mourning. |
[C] |
More
commonly written Kaddish. |
|
| qadi |
A
Muslim judge. |
[L]
[C]
[W]
[OED] |
Also
written qadhi [OED] or qazi [OED]. |
Arabic
قاضى. |
| qadiriyah |
In
Islam, a Sufi order. |
[RHU] |
Also
written Qadiriya [RHU]. |
|
| qaf |
Twenty-first
letter of the Arabic alphabet. |
[RHW] |
|
Arabic
ق. |
| qaid |
A
Muslim tribal chief. |
[RHW] |
|
|
| qaimaqam |
A minor
official of the Ottoman Empire. |
[C]
[OED] |
|
|
| qalamdan |
A
Persian writing-case. |
[C] |
|
|
| qalandar |
A member
of an order of mendicant dervishes. |
[RHU] |
Also
written calender, or capitalised. |
|
| qanat |
A
type of water supply tunnel found in north
Africa and the Middle East. |
[ODE]
[C]
[OED] |
|
Persian,
from Arabic qanāt, "channel". |
| qanun |
A type of harp. |
[OED] |
Also
written qanon [OED]. |
|
| qasida |
An
Arabian poem of praise or satire. |
[C]
[OED] |
|
Arabic
قصيدة. |
| qat |
A kind of
Arabian shrub used as a narcotic. |
[L]
[C]
[OED] |
More
commonly written khat. |
Arabic
qāt. |
| qawwal |
A
person who practises qawwali music. |
[ODE]
[C] |
|
|
| qawwali |
Devotional
music of the Sufis. |
[ODE]
[C] |
|
Arabic
قوٌالی (qawwāli), "loquacious" or "singer". |
| qazi |
Variant
of qadi. |
|
|
|
| qepiq |
An
Azerbaijani unit of currency. |
[AH] |
|
|
| qere |
A marginal
reading in the Hebrew Bible. |
[OED]
[WI] |
Also
written qeri [WI] or qre
[WI]. |
|
| qhat |
An
obsolete spelling of what. |
[OED] |
|
|
| qheche |
An
obsolete spelling of which. |
[OED] |
|
|
| qhom |
An obsolete
spelling of whom. |
[OED] |
|
|
| qhythsontyd |
An obsolete
spelling of Whitsuntide (the day of Pentecost). |
[OED] |
|
|
| qi |
In Chinese
culture, a physical life force. |
[ODE]
[C]
[AHC]
[OED] |
Commonly
written chi or ki. |
Chinese 氣, 'air'. |
| qiana |
A type of nylon. |
[OED] |
|
Originally
a trademark of DuPont, now generic. |
| qibla |
The
point to which Muslims turn in prayer. |
[ODE]
[COD]
[C]
[OED] |
Also
written qiblah [OED], or qib'lah [RHU].Sometimes
capitalised. |
17th
Century Arabic, "the opposite". |
| qibli |
A local
Libyan name for the sirocco, a southeasterly
Mediterranean wind. |
[OED] |
Also written ghibli. |
|
| qigong |
A
Chinese system of medical exercises. |
[ODE]
[C] |
Also
written qi gong', 'ki gong', or 'chi
kung. |
Chinese 气功
(simp.). |
| qin |
A
classication of Chinese musical instruments. |
[AOX] |
|
|
| qinah |
A
Hebrew elegy. |
[WI] |
|
|
| qindar |
An Albanian
unit of currency, equal to one one-hundredth
of a lek. |
[ODE]
[L]
[C] |
Plural
qindarka [L] or qindars
[C].
Also written qintar [L][C][AOX] or quintal. |
Albanian. |
| qinghaosu |
A drug,
artemisinin, used to treat malaria. |
[C] |
|
Chinese
青蒿素. |
| qipao |
A
traditional Chinese dress. |
[OED] |
|
Chinese.
|
| qirsh |
A
monetary unit of Saudi Arabia and, formerly,
various other countries. |
[RHU] |
Also
written qurush, qursh, gursh,
girsh or ghirsh. |
|
| qiviut |
The wool
of the musk-ox. |
[OED] |
|
Inuktitut |
| qiyas |
An analogy
in Sharia, Islamic law. |
[RHW] |
|
Arabic
قياس. |
| qoph |
The nineteenth
letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
[L][C] |
Also
written koph. |
Hebrew
ק. |
| qoppa |
The nineteenth
letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. |
|
Generally
written koppa. |
Greek
Ϟ. |
| qorma |
A
type of curry. |
[Co] |
Much
more commonly written korma. |
Urdu. |
| qre |
(Variant
of qere) |
|
|
|
| qwerty |
A
standard English keyboard layout. |
[ODE]
[COD]
[LC]
[C]
[OED] |
Plural
qwertys or qwerties. Also
rendered QWERTY. |
Named
after the letters on the top row of keys. |
| rencq |
An obsolete
spelling of rank. |
[OED] |
|
|
| sambuq |
A
small Arabian boat. |
[OED] |
|
|
| sheqel |
A unit of
weight originally used in Mesopotamia. The currency
of Israel, divided into 100 agorot. |
[MW] |
Plural
sheqels or sheqalim.
More commonly written shekel. |
Hebrew
שקל, Yiddish ניי-שקל. |
| suq |
A
Muslim marketplace. |
[ODE]
[C]
[OED] |
Most
commonly written souk (French spelling). |
Arabic
سوق (sūq). |
| talaq |
A
form of Islamic divorce. |
[ODE]
[C]
[OED] |
|
Arabic
talaq from talaqa, "repudiate". |
| taliq |
(Variant
of nastaliq) |
|
|
|
| taluq |
An
Indian estate. |
[OED] |
Also
written taluk or talook. |
|
| taluqdar |
A
person who collects the revenues of a taluq. |
[OED] |
Also
written talukdar or talookdar. |
|
| taluqdari |
An
Indian landholding tenure. |
[OED] |
|
|
| taqiya |
In
Islam, the dissimulation of faith displayed
for fear of one's life. |
[RHW] |
Also
written taqiyah [RHU], or capitalised. |
Arabic
التقية. |
| taqlid |
Acceptance
of Muslim orthodoxy. |
[RHW] |
|
Arabic
قْلي. |
| tariqa |
A Sufi method
of spiritual development, or a Sufi missionary. |
[E] |
Also
written tariqat [E] or tarika. |
Arabic
طريق. |
| tranq |
A form of sedative. |
[OED] |
|
Apocopation from tranquilizer. |
|
tsaddiq |
In
Judaism, a term bestowed upon the righteous. |
[C]
[OED] |
Plural
tsaddiqs or tsaddiqim.
Also written tzaddiq [C], tzadik or tzaddik. |
Hebrew
צדיק. |
| umiaq |
An
open eskimo boat. |
[OSPD4] |
Also
spelled umiak |
|
| waqf |
A
charitable trust in Islamic law. |
[ODE]
[C]
[OED] |
Plural
waqf [ODE][C][OED] or
waqfs [C][OED]. |
Arabic,
literally "stoppage" from waqafa,
"come to a standstill". |
| yaqona |
A Fijian
intoxicating beverage, kava. |
[C]
[OED] |
|
Fijian
yaqona, in which q represents
[ŋg] |
Uses
In many word games, most famously
in Scrabble, a player must build a word using a certain
set of letters. Therefore, if a player is obliged
to use a Q but does not have a U, it may be useful
to construct words from this list. In Scrabble in
North America, the only acceptable words with a Q
and not a U are qi, qat, qaid, qadi, qoph, qanat,
tranq, faqir, sheqel, qabala, qabalah, qindar, qintar,
qindarka, mbaqanga, and qwerty, along with their plurals
(such as qats and sheqalim).[ TWL ] Other words in
this list, such as suq and qiviut, are also acceptable,
but since these contain a U, they are less likely
to be useful.
References
- [AH]: The American Heritage Dictionary, Fourth Edition (ISBN
0-440-23701-7)
- [AHC]: American Heritage College
Dictionary, Fourth Edition, 2000
- [AOX]: Ask Oxford Last accessed
May 29, 2006.
- [C]: The Chambers Dictionary, 2003
- [Co]: Collins English Dictionary,
Third Edition (updated 1994)
- [COD]: The Concise Oxford Dictionary,
Eighth Edition, 1990
- [E]: Microsoft Encarta online dictionary
Last accessed May 29, 2006.
- [L]: The Longman Dictionary of
the English Language, Fifth Edition, 1988 (ISBN
0-582-55511-6)
- [LC]: The Longman Dictionary of
Contemporary English, Fourth Edition, 2003
- [MW]: Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, Eleventh Edition
- [MWO]: Merriam-Webster online dictionary
Last accessed May 29, 2006.
- [ODE]: Oxford Dictionary of English,
Second Edition, 2003 (ISBN 0-19-861347-4)
- [OED]: Oxford English Dictionary,
2003
- [OSPD4]: The Official Scrabble
Players Dictionary, 2005 (ISBN 0-87779-929-6)
- [RHU]: Random House Unabridged
Dictionary, 1997
- [RHW]: Random House Webster's Unabridged
Dictionary, 2005 (ISBN 0-375-42599-3)
- [SOED]: The Shorter Oxford English
Dictionary, Third Edition, 1992
- [W]: Random House Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, 2000
- [WI]: Webster's Third New International
Dictionary, Unabridged (ISBN 0-87779-201-1)
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