Ainu-English Dictionary
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The Ainu
language of the Ainu
people is distinct from those of the people around them.
The list is ordered alphabetically by romanization.
A
| B | C | D | E
| F | G | H | I
| J | K | L | M
| N | O
| P | Q | R
| S | T
| U | V | W
| X | Y | Z |
A
- aca (アチャ) - father; uncle; a middle-aged
man (Ainu aca may mean either "father" or "uncle"
depending on the dialect)
- acapo (アチャポ) - uncle
(also acipo アチポ in some
dialects)
- ak (アㇰ)- younger brother
(explicitly possessed form aki or akihi)
- ku-aki (クアキ) - my younger brother
- amam (アムアム、アマム)
- rice; cereals (also amama アママ
in some dialects)
- an-noski (アンノㇱキ)
- midnight (also annoske in some Ainu dialects)
- anun (アヌン) - stranger, outsider;
another person, someone else('s), not oneself, not one's
own
- apa (アパ) - doorway
- ape (アペ) - fire
- Ape-Huci-Kamuy
(アペフチカムイ)
- name of the Ainu fire god (literally, "Fire-Grandmother-Deity")
- apto (アプト) - rain; [dial.] storm,
thunderstorm (pronounced as ahto in some dialects)
- apu (アプ) - ice drift, sea ice (also ap
in some dialects)
- arka (アラカ) - painful, sore, hurting
(in some dialects pronounced as araka or arga)
- as (アシ) - [sing.] to stand; to
fall (as rain, snow, etc.), to blow (as wind), to be produced,
to be made, to be heard (as a sound, a voice, etc.)
- asam (アサム) - bottom; depths; foundation
(also asama アサマ in some dialects)
- at (アッ) - string, cord; elm fibre
- atte (アッテ) - [v.t.] to hang (it),
to hang up, to suspend
- attus
(アットゥㇱ) - traditional
Ainu coat made from fibers harvested from the bark of
the Manchurian
elm or the Japanese
linden[1]
- atusa (アトゥサ) - naked, bare
- atuy (アトゥイ) - sea, ocean
(also atuyka アトゥイカ
in some dialects)
- aw (アウ) - tongue (explicitly possessed
form awe or awehe)
- ay (アイ) - thorn; arrow (explicitly possessed
form aye or ayehe)
- aynu (アイヌ) - person; human, mankind;
the traditional name for the Ainu people
- Aynu-Mosir (アイヌモシㇼ)
- the land of humans; the earth
C
- cape (チャペ) - cat (cf. Aomori,
Akita,
and Yamagata
Japanese
dialects chape ちゃぺ or chappe
ちゃっぺ "cat")
- caranke (チャランケ) -
appeal (n)
- casi (チャシ) - fence; enclosure;
fortress, castle
- cep (チェプ) - fish, salmon (also
ciep チエプ in some dialects)
- ci (チ) - penis, a male's private parts (explicitly
possessed form ciye or ciyehe)
- cikap (チカプ) - bird, [esp.]
owl (cf. Chikap
Kamuy)
- cip (チプ) - canoe, boat, ship
- cir (チリ) - bird
- cironnup (チロヌッㇷ゚)
- fox
- cis (チシ) - to cry, to weep, to howl
- cise (チセ) - house/home
- ciw (チウ) - tide; current (of a stream,
a river, or the sea); wave(s)
- ciw (チウ) - to stab, to pierce
- cuk (チュㇰ) - autumn
- cup (チュプ) - luminary, sun,
moon; month
E
- emusi (エムシ) - sword
- erum (エルム) - mouse, rat (sometimes
also erem エレム)
- esaman (エサマン) - otter
- etu (エトゥ) - nose; beak; a projecting
tip of anything, the end (of a projecting part)
H
- ham (ハム) - leaf
- hanke (ハンケ) - near
- hanku (ハンク) - navel (dialectal
variants include hankapu ハンカプ,
hankapuy ハンカプイ,
hanka ハンカ, hanko ハンコ)
- hapo (ハポ) - mother
- harki (ハリキ) - left (左) (dialectal
variants include harke ハリケ)
- harki-sam (ハリキサム)
- left side
- haw (ハウ) - voice (explicitly possessed
form hawe ハウェ or hawehe
ハウェへ)
- hemanta (へマンタ) - what? (dialectal
variants include hemata へマタ)
- hempakpe (ヘンパクペ)
- how many (things)?
- hese (ヘセ) - to breathe; to sigh
- hok (ホク) - to buy (dialectal variants
include hoh ホフ)
- hoku (ホク) - husband (explicitly possessed
form hokuhu; dialectal variants include oku(hu))
- hom (ホム) - a knot (in wood); a joint (of
bamboo)
- nihom (ニホム) - a knot in wood,
a knot in a tree (explicitly possessed form nihomi
ニホミ; in some dialects, the two
morphemes that compose this compound are maintained
as separate words, i.e. ni hom instead of nihom)
- tophom (トプホム) - a joint
of bamboo (in some dialects, this form is maintained
as two separate words, i.e. top hom instead
of tophom)
- hon (ホン) - belly, abdomen, stomach (explicitly
possessed form honi ホニ or honihi
ホニヒ)
- huci (フチ) - grandmother; old woman
- humpe (フンペ) - whale
- hure (フレ) - (to be) red
I
- inaw
(イナウ) - sacred shaved stick, symbolizing
a bird, used for prayer [2]
- iomante
(イオマンテ) - the Ainu
bear festival [3]
(sometimes pronounced as イヨマンテ
iyomante, イヨマンデ
iyomande, etc.; from i- ("it, something,
someone," a prefix for vaguely indicating the object of
a verb) + oman (to go) + -te (causative
suffix))
- ipe (イペ) - [v.i.] to eat,
to have a meal; [n.] fish (especially the likes of salmon,
trout, or sturgeon)
- somo ku-ipe na (ソモ クイペ ナ)
- I won't eat.
- ipetam
(イペタㇺ) - legendary Ainu sword
[4]
(literally, the "eating blade" or the "blade that eats
(people)")
- ironne (イロンネ) - thick (as
a flattish object)
- isam (イサㇺ) - not to exist, not
to be, not to have; to be gone, not to be there anymore;
to die (semantically equivalent to Japanese 無い,
なくなる, or (~て)しまう)
- isepo (イセポ) - rabbit, hare (イソポ
isopo in some dialects)
- itak (イタㇰ) - language
- iwaw (イワゥ) - sulfur (cf. Japanese
iō (硫黄) "sulfur")
K
- kam (カム) - meat, flesh (explicitly possessed
form kami or kamihi)
- kamuy (カムイ) - god, spirit; bear
- Kamuy-Kara-Puto-Ya-Mosir (カムイカラプトヤモシㇼ)
- supposedly means "mouth of water"; refers to Karafuto,
or the mouth of the Amur
River
- Kamuy-Mosir (カムイモシㇼ)
- "Land of the Gods"; heaven
- kamuy-nomi (カムイノミ)
- to pray to the gods
- kanna (カンナ) - upper, above
- kanto (カント) - sky, heaven
- kap (カプ) - skin, fur, rind, peel, bark,
outer covering of anything (explicitly possessed form
kapu or kapuhu)
- kapkar (カプカラ) - to skin,
to peel, to remove the rind, to strip the bark
- kapap (カパプ) - bat
(the flying mammal)
- kapar (カパラ) - thin (as a flattish
object)
- kapiw (カピウ) - seagull
- kar (カラ) - to make, to prepare, to produce,
to do
- karku (カㇻク) - nephew
- karus (カルシ) - mushroom
- kawkaw (カウカウ) - hail, sleet
- kem (ケム) - blood
- kemnu (ケㇺヌ) - to bleed
- kemorit (ケモリッ) - a blood
vessel; a vein or an artery (also kemrit ケムリッ)
- kemus (ケムシ) - bloody, covered
in blood, having blood all over
- kem (ケㇺ) - shortage of food, famine, hunger,
starvation
- kemekot (ケメコッ)
- to starve to death, to die of hunger
- kemnoye (ケㇺノイェ)
- to starve to death, to die of hunger
- kemus (ケムシ) - famished, starving;
there is/was a famine
- kem (ケㇺ) - a needle
- kemeyki (ケメイキ)
- to do needlework, to sew
- ker (ケレ) - footwear, shoe, boot (explicitly
possessed form ケリ keri)
- kera (ケラ) - taste, flavor
- kes (ケシ) - end (explicitly possessed form
ケセ kese or ケセへ
kesehe)
- kes- (ケシ) - every (day, year, etc.)
- ki (キ) - to do
- ki (キ) - louse
- kikir (キキリ) - bug, insect, worm
- kim (キム) - mountain
- kina (キナ) - grass, herb,
(edible or otherwise useful) plant; a kind of mat woven
from dried bulrush leaves with decorative patterns executed
in cotton cloth
- kira (キラ) - to run away, to flee
- kiraw (キラウ) - horn, antler (explicitly
possessed form kirawe キラウェ
or kirawehe キラウェへ)
- kiray (キライ) - comb
- kiror (キロロ) - strength, power,
ability
- kisar (キサラ) - ear
- kitay (キタイ) - top of anything;
summit, peak (of a mountain); roof (of a house)
- konci (コンチ) - hat
- konru (コンル) - ice; [dial.] hail;
[dial.] sleet
- kor (コロ) - to hold; to have
- kore (コレ) - to give (probably from the
causative
form of Ainu kor "to hold; to have," i.e. *kor-de
> kor-e "to cause to hold; to cause to have"
> kore "to give")
- Korpokkur
(コロポックル) - name
of a traditional Ainu folktale [5]
- kotan (コタン) - village, settlement;
dwelling place
- Kamuy-Kotan (カムイコタン)
- Kamuikotan,
a scenic area located in the valley of the Ishikari
River (literally, "dwelling place of (a/the) god")
- ku (ク) - bow
- ku (ク) - to drink; to smoke (tobacco, etc.)
- kumi (クミ) - mold
- kumius (クミウシ) - moldy,
rotten and covered in mold
- kunki (クンキ) - nail (cf. Japanese
釘 kugi)
- kunne (クンネ) - black; dark
- kunnecup (クンネチュプ)
- the Moon (literally, "Black Luminary")
- Kunashir (クナシリ) - Black
(Is)land. Present day Kunashir
Island.
- kur (クル) - shadow
- kur (クル) - person; man, husband (cf. Korpokkur)
- kut (クッ) - belt, girdle, waistband (explicitly
possessed form クチ kuci or クチヒ
kucihi)
- Kutune-Shirka
(クト゜ネシリカ)
- name of a sacred Ainu epic [6]
M
- makiri (マキリ) - knife
- mame (マメ) - bean or pea, pulses, legumes
- mata (マタ) - winter (also
known as the "men's season" for the fact that it is a
good time of year for men to hunt for furs)
- mata-noski (マタノシキ)
- midwinter
- mat (マッ) - wife; woman; [as prefix] female
(explicitly possessed form マチ maci
or マチヒ macihi)
- matak (マタㇰ) - younger sister (from
an elder sister's point of view)
- a-mataki (アマタキ) (Classical),
ku-mataki (クマタキ) (Colloquial),
ku-kor matak (クコロ マタク)
- my younger sister (said by an elder sister)
- matkaci (マッカチ) - girl
- matkarku (マッカㇻク)
- niece
- mean (メアン) - (to be) cold (as the
weather)
- meekot (メエコッ) - to freeze
to death; to starve due to frigid weather
- mem (メム) - spring, pool, a place where
clear water wells up
- menoko (メノコ) - woman
- mici (ミチ) - father (in some Ainu dialects,
mici is formal and means something like "dead father"
or "ancestor"; such dialects typically use aca
in the regular meaning of "father")
- mina (ミナ) - to laugh
- mokor (モコロ) - to sleep
- mori (モリ) - small hill, hillock, slope
(cf. Japanese mori "forest; [dial.] Shinto shrine,
sacred grove, holy place; [dial.] hill")
- mosir (モシㇼ) - land; territory;
island
- moyuk (モユク) - tanuki
- mukkuri
(ムックリ) - traditional Ainu
Jew's
harp
- mun (ムン) - grass, weed, (useless) plant
- munin (ムニン) - rotten
- muy (ムイ) - winnow
(cf. Japanese mi "winnow")
N
- nan (ナン) - face (explicitly possessed
form nanu ナヌ or nanuhu ナヌフ)
- nanuwen (ナヌウェン)
- ugly (literally, "its face is bad")
- nanuwen-cep (ナヌウェンチェプ)
- sea
raven, shaggy sculpin, Hemitripterus villosus
- nanna (ナンナ) - mother (nanna
was used in Sakhalin
dialects; the variant nonno ノンノ
was used by the Kuril
Islands Ainu)
- nay (ナイ) - dale, valley (esp. one which
has a stream or a marsh); stream, river
- ni (ニ) - tree; wood
- nitay (ニタイ) - woods, forest
- nis (ニシ) - sky, heaven, air; cloud
- nispa (ニㇱパ) - a wealthy person,
a rich man, the rich; a gentleman, a lord, a master; an
honorific title for a man, Mr.
- nonno (ノンノ) - flower
- noski (ノシキ) - middle, center (variants
include noske ノシケ)
- not (ノッ) - chin; cape, promontory
- noto (ノト) - calm (of the sea, etc.), lull
(dialectal variants include neto ネト)
- nupe (ヌペ) - tears
- nupek (ヌペク) - light (dialectal
variants include nipek and nikep; explicitly
possessed form nupeki, nipeki, nikepihi,
etc.)
- nupuri (ヌプリ) - mountain
- nusa (ヌサ) - a word that
collectively describes an altar and the many inaw
(a shaved stick used in an offertory ceremony) that decorate
it
O
- ohaw (オハゥ) - ohaw,
Ainu-style stew
- oman (オマン) - [sing.] to
go
- omap (オマプ) - to love
(one's child, etc.), to cherish, to hold dear (c.f. Japanese
omou, which means "to think (that), to consider,
to feel; to recall, to recollect, to remember; to imagine,
to think of, to think about; to worry (about), to care
(about), to love")
- onkami (オンカミ) - worship/prayer/beseechment
(cf. Japanese
ogami, which has the same meanings)
- ota (オタ) - sand; sandy plain, sandy place,
beach
P
- para (パラ) - wide (cf. Sapporo, Paramushir,
Toyohara (Toyopara), etc.)
- pasuy (パスイ) - chopsticks (cf. Japanese
*pasi > hashi "chopsticks")
- paykar (パィカㇻ)
- spring (season)
- pe (ペ) - water (especially that which is non-potable,
not intended for drinking, or laden with much dissolved
or suspended matter), moisture, sap, juice (explicitly
possessed form pehe ペヘ)
- peko (ペコ) - cow, cattle (cf. べこ
beko "cow, cattle" in various Japanese dialects)
- pene (ペネ) - thoroughly rotten, soft with
decay, rotten and sticky or slimy
- pet (ペッ) - river
- pi (ピ) - seed, kernel, pip; pebble (as on a riverbed),
small stone (explicitly possessed form piye ピイェ
or piyehe ピイェヘ)
- pinne (ピンネ) - male
- pirka (ピリカ) - good,
nice, fine, beautiful
- pirka kur (ピリカクル)
- a fine man (in the sense of "a good person, a virtuous
person")
- pirka okkay (ピリカオッカィ)
- a fine man (in the sense of "a handsome man, a good-looking
man")
- pirka menoko (ピリカメノコ)
- a beautiful woman, a fine young lady
- pirka pa (ピリカパ)-
a good year
- pok (ポク) -
- pokna (ポクナ) - lower, under,
below, beneath
- pok (ポク) - vulva, a female's private parts
(explicitly possessed form poki or pokihi)
- pon (ポン) - small, little
- pone (ポネ) - bone (cf. Japanese *pone
> hone "bone")
- poro (ポロ) - big, large
- poru (ポル) - cave, hole (in rock, etc.)
- poyna (ポイナ) - rock, stone (esp.
one that is large)
- pu (プ)- an elevated structure in
which to store food and other valuables (the traditional
Ainu equivalent of a shed or a warehouse)
- pukusa (プクサ) - a kind of wild plant
that is prized by the Ainu for its pungent, garlic-like
flavor (known in Japanese as Ainu negi "Ainu onion"
or gyōja ninniku "wandering
ascetic garlic")
R
- ram (ラム) - mind, heart (in
the figurative sense), soul; understanding, intellect
- ramat (ラマッ) - soul, spirit; meaning
(of a word, etc.) (explicitly possessed form ramaci
ラマチ)
- ray (ライ) - to die
- cupray (チュプライ)
- eclipse
- rayke (ライケ) - [sing. obj.]
to kill (one thing), to cause (a singular object)
to die
- re (レ) - name (explicitly possessed form レヘ
rehe)
- rera (レラ) - wind
- retar (レタラ) - white
- ri (リ) - high, tall, lofty
- repun (レプン) - in the offing, offshore,
out in the sea (cf. Rebun
Island)
- ruyanpe (ルヤンペ) - rain; [dial.]
storm
S
- sak (サク) - summer (also
known as the "women's season" for the fact that it is
a good time of year for women to cultivate plants or to
gather wild botanical resources)
- sampe (サンペ) - heart, cardiac organ
- san (サン) - to go down, to descend; to
flow along (as a river)
- sanke (サンケ) - to send down,
to cause to go down
- sapanpe
(サパンペ) - men's ceremonial
Ainu crown [7]
- sar (サラ) - tail (explicitly possessed
form sara サラ or saraha サラハ)
- sayo (サヨ) - sayo,
Ainu-style porridge
- seta (セタ) - dog (recent dialectal variants
include sita シタ; early records of
the Ainu language also contain other variant forms of
this word for "dog," such as sta, heta,
and hida)
- sik (シク) - eye (explicitly possessed form
siki or sikihi)
- sikotan (シコタン) - Pleasant
Village (present day Shikotan
island)
- sinep (シネプ) - one (thing)
- sinrit (シンリッ) - root (of
a tree, etc.); (ancestral) roots, bloodline, pedigree
- sippo (シッポ) - salt
- sir (シリ) - weather; appearance; status,
condition
- sir (シリ) - land; island
- sir (シリ) - mountain
- sisam (シサㇺ) - Japanese (or assimilated
Ainus); (more generally) any foreigner, non-Ainus (cf.
Nivkh
/sezam/, /sizm/ "Japanese"; probably originally from Ainu
si- "self (reflexive prefix)" + sam "near
by, close to; side" or Ainu si- "self (reflexive
prefix)" + isam "not to exist, not to be, not to
have")
- hure-sisam (フレシサㇺ)
- Russian; (more generally) European (from Ainu hure
"red" + sisam "Japanese; foreigner")
- sitoki
(シトキ) - glass-bead necklace with
a medallion
- siw (シウ) - bitter
- siwnin (シウニン) - blue, green,
yellow
- so (ソ) - waterfall, cascade
- soy (ソイ) - outside (also used as a postposition,
e.g. cise-soy "outside of a house," "outside the
house")
- suma (スマ) - stone
- sumari (シュマリ) - fox
- susam (スサム) - shishamo
- susu (スス) - willow
T
- takahka (タカッカ) - crab (Sakhalin
Ainu)
- tamasay
(タマサイ) - beaded necklace worn
by women
- tanne (タンネ) - long
- tap (タプ) - shoulder, arm
- tek (テク) - hand, arm (explicitly possessed
form teke or tekihi)
- teyne (テイネ) - (to get) wet, damp
- tomari
(トマリ)- Shelter (Tomari
city in Aomori)
- tonkori
(トンコリ) - traditional Sakhalin
Ainu stringed instrument (cf. Nivkh
tynryn, a traditional stringed instrument of the
Nivkhs)
- to (ト) - day
- to (ト) - lake, pond, puddle
- tom (トム) - to shine, to sparkle, to twinkle
- tomte (トムテ) - to cause to shine
- tom tom (トムトム) - sparkling,
twinkling, glowing, flashing
- tonnatara (トンナタラ)
- brilliant, resplendent, shining
- tompi (トムピ) - light, brilliance,
sparkle, glow
- top (トプ) - bamboo
- topa (トパ) - flock, herd (usually appears
in the explicitly possessed form topaha トパハ
"a flock of ~," "a herd of ~")
- toy (トィ) - earth, soil,
dirt, mud (also occasionally reduplicated for expressive
effect to produce toytoy)
- tunakay (トゥナカイ) -
reindeer
(borrowed into Japanese as トナカイ
tonakai; also cf. Nivkh
tlaЕ‹i 'reindeer')
- tukar (トゥカラ) - seal
(i.e. a sort of marine Pinniped;
also tukkar, tukoro, or tokkari in
some dialects)
- tuki (トゥキ) - (drinking) glass,
[esp.] a saké
cup (cf. Japanese 杯 sakazuki "a vessel from
which one drinks an alcoholic beverage," from Old Japanese
sake "alcoholic beverage" + tuki "drinking
vessel")
- tuntu (トゥントゥ) - pillar,
column; post, stake
- tur (トゥル) - dirt, grime, filth
- turtur (トゥルトゥル)
- dirt, grime, filth
- tursak (トゥルサク)
- pure, clean, unsullied
- tus (トゥシ) - (a man's) concubine,
(a woman's) fellow wife
- tusa (トゥサ) - to be cured, to heal
up, to recover (from an illness)
- tusare (トゥサレ) - to cure,
to heal
- tusir (トゥシリ) - grave, tomb;
graveyard, cemetery
U
- umma (ウンマ) - horse (cf. Japanese
うま uma "horse")
- upas (ウパㇱ) - snow
- utari
(ウタリ) - friend/companion/compatriot;
used by the Ainu to describe themselves; the politically
correct term for the Ainu people.
W
- wakka (ワッカ) - water (especially
that which is potable or clean) (cf. Wakkaus
Kamuy, the goddess of fresh water)
- wen (ウェン) - bad; cruel; poor
- wenkur (ウェンクㇽ)
- a pauper, a poor person
- wenpe (ウェンペ) - a bad
one; a bad thing; a bad person, an evil person, a
villain
- wenpekur (ウェンペクㇽ)
- a bad person, an evil person, a villain
Y
- ya (ヤ) - net
- ya (ヤ) - land (as opposed to sea, river, etc.),
shore, (river)bank
- yuk (ユク) - deer
- yam (ヤム) - cold (to the touch)
- yam (ヤム) - chestnut
- yup (ユプ) - older brother (explicitly possessed
form yupi or yupihi)
- yupo (ユポ) - older brother (dialectal
variants include yuppo and yuhpo; probably
from an earlier */yup-po/ < /yup/ "older brother"
+ /po/ "small; diminutive suffix")
- yukar
(ユーカㇻ) - traditional Ainu
sagas
References
Most of the content of this page was taken from the equivalent
Japanese-language article, accessed March 27, 2006.
See also
Ainu-English
Dictionary
A
| B | C | D | E
| F | G | H | I
| J | K | L | M
| N | O
| P | Q | R
| S | T
| U | V | W
| X | Y | Z |
Published - February 2009
This
dictionary is available under the terms
of the GNU Free Documentation
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