Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms
(Starting with "N")
By
AIDSinfo,
Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms, 5th Edition, AIDSinfo,
October 2005
ContactUs[at]aidsinfo.nih.gov
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov
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NCI
See: National Cancer
Institute
NDA
See: New Drug Application
NHL
See: Non-Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
NIAID
See: National Institute
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIH
See: National Institutes
of Health
NK Cells
See: Natural Killer
Cells
NLM
See: National Library
of Medicine
NNRTIs
See: Non-Nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
NPIN
See: National Prevention
Information Network
NSAIDs
See: Non-Steroidal
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Nadir
The lowest level to which viral load (the amount of
HIV in the blood) falls after a person starts anti-HIV
treatment. Also refers to the lowest CD4 count a person
reaches during HIV infection.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
A institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
and the U.S. government's principal agency for cancer
research and training. This institute provides health
information and supports programs focusing on the causes,
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer; rehabilitation
from cancer; and the continuing care of cancer patients
and the families of cancer patients. http://www.nci.nih.gov
National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
An institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
that conducts and funds research to better understand,
treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic
diseases. http://www3.niaid.nih.gov
National Institutes of Health
(NIH)
A multi-institute agency of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services (DHHS). NIH conducts research in
its own laboratories and funds research in universities,
medical schools, hospitals, and other research institutions
throughout the United States and abroad. http://www.nih.gov
National Library of Medicine
(NLM)
An institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
and the world's largest medical library. NLM collects
materials in all areas of biomedicine and health care
and is involved in biomedical aspects of other fields
such as technology and the social sciences. http://www.nlm.nih.gov
National Prevention Information Network
(NPIN)
A national reference, referral, and distribution service
for information on HIV/AIDS, other sexual transmitted
diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis (TB), sponsored by
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
http://www.cdcnpin.org
Natural History Study
A study designed to investigate the natural development
of a disease or condition over time.
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
White blood cells that are able to kill tumor cells
and cells infected with viruses or other foreign invaders.
Neonatal
The time period from birth through the first 4 weeks
after birth.
Neoplasm
Also called tumor. Any new, abnormal growth of tissue.
Neoplasms may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant
(cancerous).
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney that can occur as a side
effect of some anti-HIV drugs.
Nephrotoxic
Toxic or destructive to the kidneys.
Neuralgia
Sharp, shooting pain along a nerve pathway.
Neuropathy
A disorder that occurs when nerve cells are damaged.
Symptoms range from a tingling sensation or numbness
in the toes and fingers to paralysis. Neuropathy can
occur as a result of HIV infection or as a side effect
of certain anti-HIV drugs.
See Also: Peripheral
Neuropathy
Neutropenia
A lower than normal number of neutrophils (a type of
white blood cell) in the blood. Moderate to severe neutropenia
can increase the chance of developing bacterial infections.
Neutropenia may occur as a result of HIV infection or
as a side effect of some anti-HIV drugs.
See Also: Neutrophil
Neutrophil
A type of white blood cell that can engulf and kill
foreign invaders such as bacteria.
New Drug Application (NDA)
An application submitted by a drug manufacturer to the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a license to
market and sell a particular drug in the United States.
The drug manufactor files an NDA after information from
clinical trials is available for FDA review.
See Also: Investigational
New Drug Application
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
A cancer of lymphoid tissue that can affect the lymph
nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs of the
immune system. This type of cancer typically develops
in people with weakened immune systems, including organ
transplant recipients and people with HIV or AIDS.
See Also: Lymphoma
Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
A class of anti-HIV drugs that bind to and disable HIV-1's
reverse transcriptase enzyme, a protein that HIV needs
to make more copies of itself. Without functional reverse
transcriptase, HIV replication is halted. Current NNRTI
medications are only effective against HIV-1 and not
against HIV-2.
See Also: Reverse
Transcriptase
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
Drugs (NSAIDs)
A class of drugs that can reduce inflammation, swelling,
stiffness, and joint pain. They are used to treat arthritis
and mild to moderate pain. Some common NSAIDs are aspirin
and ibuprofen.
Nucleic Acid
Chemical structure that stores genetic information.
There are two types of nucleic acid, DNA and RNA. Human
genetic information is stored as DNA, while HIV's genetic
information can be stored as both DNA and RNA.
See Also: Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Ribonucleic
Acid
Nucleic Acid Test
A laboratory test that can detect very small amounts
of specific genetic material in blood, plasma, or other
tissue. This test can detect several types of viruses
and is used to screen blood from blood donors.
Nucleoside
A precursor to a building block of DNA or RNA. Nucleosides
must be chemically changed into nucleotides before they
can be used to make DNA or RNA.
See Also: Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Ribonucleic
Acid
Nucleotide
Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor
A class of anti-HIV drug. Nucleoside analogues are faulty
versions of the building blocks necessary for HIV reproduction.
When HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme uses a nucleoside
analogue instead of a normal nucleoside, reproduction
of the virus's genetic material is halted. Also called
nucleoside analogues or "nukes."
See Also: Nucleoside
Reverse
Transcriptase
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA or RNA, the chemical structures
that store genetic information.
See Also: Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Ribonucleic
Acid
Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor
A class of anti-HIV drug. Nucleotide analogues are faulty
versions of the building blocks necessary for HIV reproduction.
When HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme uses a nucleotide
analogue instead of a normal nucleotide, reproduction
of the virus's genetic material is halted. Although
technically different from nucleoside analogues, nucleotide
analogues work in the same way. Also called nucleotide
analogues or "nukes."
See Also: Nucleotide
Reverse
Transcriptase
Nucleus
The part of a cell that contains the organism's genetic
information.
Nukes
Slang term for nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NRTIs).
See Also: Nucleoside
Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Nucleotide Analogue Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitor
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