Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms
(Starting with "G")
By
AIDSinfo,
Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms, 5th Edition, AIDSinfo,
October 2005
ContactUs[at]aidsinfo.nih.gov
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov
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G-CSF
See: Granulocyte-Colony
Stimulating Factor
GART
See: Genotypic Assay
GI
See: Gastrointestinal
GM-CSF
See: Granulocyte
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
Gamma Globulin
The part of blood that contains antibodies. It is available
as an injectable treatment that can provide temporary
protection from certain infections.
See Also: Antibody
Passive
Immunotherapy
Gastrointestinal (GI)
Of or relating to the stomach or intestines.
Gene
A short segment of DNA or RNA that acts as a blueprint
for building a specific protein.
See Also: Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Ribonucleic
Acid
Gene Therapy
An experimental technique that uses genes to treat or
prevent disease. This technique may eventually allow
doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into
a patient’s cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
See Also: Gene
Genetic Engineering
Artificially changing an organism's genetic material
(DNA or RNA) in order to change particular characteristics
of that organism. This laboratory technique can produce
proteins for use as drugs and vaccines. For example,
a virus such as canarypox virus (which does not cause
disease in humans) can be genetically engineered so
that it produces specific HIV proteins. The modified
canarypox virus can then be tested as an experimental
HIV vaccine.
Genital Ulcer Disease
Sores on the genitals, usually caused by a sexually
transmitted disease (STD) such as herpes, syphilis,
or chancroid. The presence of genital ulcers may increase
the risk of becoming infected with HIV through sexual
intercourse.
Genital Warts
Also known as condyloma acuminatum and venereal warts.
Growths or bumps that appear in and around the vagina,
anus, or cervix in females or on the penis, scrotum,
groin, or thigh in males. They can be raised or flat,
single or multiple, small or large. Some cluster together
to form a cauliflower-like shape. They are caused by
the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are usually flesh-colored
and painless.
See Also: Human
Papillomavirus
Genitourinary Tract
Also called genitourinary system, urogenital system,
or urogenital tract. The organs involved in the production
and excretion of urine and in reproduction.
Genome
The complete set of genes for a particular organism.
See Also: Gene
Genotypic Assay (GART)
Also known as Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Test
(GART). A test that determines if HIV is resistant to
particular anti-HIV drugs. The test analyzes a sample
of the virus from an individual's blood to identify
any genetic mutations that are associated with resistance
to specific drugs.
See Also: Drug
Resistance
Glycoprotein
A substance composed of both a protein and a carbohydrate
(a sugar molecule) joined together by a chemical linkage.
Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Many people with gonorrhea have
no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may be burning
on urination, frequent urination, yellow or green discharge
from the genitals, redness or swelling of the genitals,
and a burning or itching sensation of the genitals.
Active gonorrhea infection may increase the risk of
becoming infected with HIV through sexual intercourse.
Granulocyte
A type of white blood cell particularly important in
fighting bacterial infections.
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating
Factor (GM-CSF)
A protein that stimulates the production of infection-fighting
white blood cells. A laboratory-made version of GM-CSF
called sargramostim is used to treat low white blood
cell levels, which may occur after chemotherapy or as
a result of certain diseases.
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor
(G-CSF)
A protein that stimulates the production of infection-fighting
white blood cells. A laboratory-made version of G-CSF
called filgrastim is used to treat low white blood cell
levels, which may occur after chemotherapy or as a result
of certain diseases.
Granulocytopenia
A lower than normal number of specific white blood cells.
gp120
Glycoprotein 120. One of the proteins embedded in the
outer envelope of HIV. gp120 projects from the surface
of HIV and binds to the CD4 receptor on CD4 cells, initiating
the process by which HIV enters and infects a host cell.
See Also: Envelope
gp160
Glycoprotein 160. A precursor of HIV envelope proteins
gp41 and gp120. gp160 is cut by HIV protease to form
gp120 and gp41.
See Also: gp120
gp41
Protease
gp41
Glycoprotein 41. One of the proteins embedded in the
outer envelope of HIV. gp41 plays a key role in HIV's
infection of CD4 cells by fusing HIV's envelope with
the host cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter
the cell.
See Also: Envelope
Fusion
Inhibitors
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