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Jensen's Technology Glossary
(Starting with "U")



By Bob Jensen,
Trinity University,
New Hampshire, U.S.A.

http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/




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Ubiquitous Computing (Nanotechnology) --- http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/ubiquit.htm 

Also see Fullerenes

Ultimedia Video = Is IBM Corporation's OS/2 equivalent of Video for Windows. Ultimedia Video IN/2 is priced at under $200 and supports video capture and editing in IBM Ultimation and Indeo compression formats. It can deliver up to 30 fps at 320 by 240 window size if the user's hardware can handle the upper-end capabilities. (See also OS/2 and Video for Windows)

UML = Uniform Modeling Language

"UML Hits the Street," by Jack Vaughan, Application Development Trends, September 2001, pp. 18-23 --- http://www.adtmag.com/article.asp?id =4805 

When people initially get down to work with the Unified Modeling Language (UML), it is typically the first time they take up the practice of use cases. These are an important element of UML, intended to help gather functional requirements, as well as to provide a means of communication among development team members.

But use cases are not without controversy. And for long-time industry observers, the controversy may be somewhat familiar.

Many of the brickbats loosed years ago upon Case tools and structural analysis are now aimed at UML and use cases. Use cases lead to "analysis paralysis." Use cases are "shelfware." These are just some of the criticisms unloaded by influential software consultants and authors, many of whom are counted among the ranks of eXtreme Programming (XP) advocates.

At times, the XP squad, although it includes a number of individuals who see some merit in use cases, seems to echo the arguments of Rapid Application Development (RAD) advocates of the client/server era. These earlier RAD advocates challenged development orthodoxy of the day, which centered on "waterfall" processes. The RAD folk also took some arrows for creating a few allegedly non-scalable and non-repeatable systems.

On one level, the battleand "battle" is probably too powerful a wordbetween UML and XP is new evidence of the timeless divide between designers who want just a little more time to do a little more analysis of system needs, and developers who just want to start coding.

This situation is natural. UML had something of a honeymoon. It arose in the late 1990s out of the combined efforts of notable software methodologists Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson, who came to work at Rational Software Corp. and who came to be known in a series of road shows as "The Three Amigos." The battle of the object methodologies was effectively ended as UML standardization responsibility was eventually ceded to the Object Management Group (OMG). Now, as UML is increasingly used, developers have had some mixed experiences, so there is a higher likelihood that UML will take a few shots.

While the recent UML World 2001 conference held in New York City featured sessions that considered new UML extensions and studied best practices in UML use case gathering, the conference was just as notable for a use case panel at which UML and XP proponents traded verbal barbs.

In technology, such battles are common. But if you are getting ready to sit down to a slug fest between UML and XP, I'm sorrythis is not that article. Rather than focus on the guerre du jour, this effort will instead uncover some user experiences with use cases. This will hopefully provide a useful backdrop for development managers trying to visualize their next steps in design and development.

Unencod/undecode = (See Internet Messaging).

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) = (See RDF.)

Uninterruptible power supply = A device that keeps computers running after a power failure, providing power from batteries for a short period of time.

Unix = An operating system developed by Bell Laboratories for use on large workstations. Latest information on Copeland and other operating systems can be obtained at <http://techweb.cmp.com/iw/center/default.html>. Details are provided in Information Week, April 29, 1996, p. 15. Unix became one of the main operating systems for networked computers. It is especially suited for networks and is commonly used for Internet networks. The Unix System V Release 4 based operating system is called Sun's Solaris that runs off Sun Workstations and the PowerPC. IBM's Unix-based operating system is called the AIX, and the Hewlett-Packard version is called HP/UX. A discussion of whether Unix should become more of a part of operating systems in accounting practices is provided by Courtney and Hunton (1993). Since the advent of Windows 2000, much of this argument becomes muted. (See also AU, SCO Open Desktop, Networks, and Operating system)

News from Microsoft --- http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/migrate/unix/default.asp 

As the Windows platform continues to evolve to address changing business computing needs, many organizations currently on UNIX platforms are turning to Windows to run their new client and server business applications. They're discovering that moving to the Windows platform does not require abandoning existing investments in UNIX applications and infrastructure.

This section explains why customers should consider migrating to Windows from UNIX. It also provides detailed information for IT professionals and developers on how to move from UNIX systems to Windows XP, Windows 2000, and the upcoming Windows .NET Server and Microsoft .NET Web services platforms.

Upgrade = (See Multimedia upgrade)

Urban Legend = 

 Urban legends are lies about what somebody said or wrote and are circulated wildly across the Web or some other network, including mouth-to-mouth dissemination.  .  The best way that I found to check on something before I forward it is to select an identifying phrase such as part of the title of a story.  Then I go to https://www.google.com/advanced_search?hl =en 
I enter the selected phrase into the "exact phrase" box and then in the "all of the words" box above I enter the word "urban" and the word "legend" without quote marks.  Then I hit the Google Search button.

There are hundreds of sites that explain and/or archive supposed urban legends, some of which are as follows:

We should always check to see if something is an urban legend before we pass it along.  However, once something is claimed to be an urban legend, there is a tendency to immediately conclude the claim that it is urban legend is a true claim.   

What about claims that may be false?  Is there any site devoted to setting the record straight about urban legends that are not urban legends?  

Proving a legend to be true is often a scholarship question, such as when a writer claims that "X did not say yyyy."  A scholar may then search among the archives of the world for proof that X really did say "yyyy."   What is more difficult, however, is when claims cannot be researched in any archives.  For example, one might claim that President Lincoln had an affair during his presidency.  To my knowledge, there is no archived record of such a claim.  And people who might know first hand are no longer living.  All we can do is criticize all unsupported claims for not being supported by any credible evidence.

After my Google search finds a site that boldly asserts that something is an urban legend, like most people I immediately concluded that it is an urban legend.  Proving it to be otherwise may be impossible or impractical relative to the time and money available to prove it otherwise.

What about claims that may be false?  Is there any site devoted to setting the record straight about urban legends that are not urban legends?

Urban legends have urban legends about urban legends that claim not to be urban legends but really are urban legends that may in fact not be urban legends and so on infinitum. Some are blatantly false from the beginning;  others are embellished over time.  One definition is as follows from http://support.airmail.net/faq/glossary_mz.php 

Urban legend - A story, which may have started with a grain of truth, that has been embroidered and retold until it has passed into the realm of myth. Some legends that periodically make their rounds include "The Infamous Modem Tax," "Craig Shergold/Brain Tumor/Get Well Cards," and "The $250 Cookie Recipe."

One thing not to be believed is the typical claim that "This is not an urban legend."  That's generally a signal that what follows is all or mostly bull. 

One thing I do know!  When one urban legend site claims something is an urban legend, the other urban legend sites follow the leader blindly like lemmings.  Is there any site devoted to false claims about urban legends?

Bob Jensen

February 27, 2004 reply from David R. Fordham [fordhadr@JMU.EDU

Bob, one of the modules in my AIS class is devoted to what I call "identification of trustworthy sources".

While not a foolproof methodology, it is better than the "no methodology at all" approach used by the general population.

In a nutshell: use your own experience (supplemented by the experience of actual acquaintances whom you trust based on your own experience with them) to accumulate a repertoire (or harem, or collection, or &) of websites run by organizations which you trust to tell you the truth. Examples from my own collection include snopes, Symantec, McAfee, DataFellows, etc. I then rely on these "trustworthy" sites to tell me what is "the truth" vs. what is fiction.

Google searches return everything, and it is very easy to Spoof a legitimate site, even to Google. My experience has been thus: when someone tells me of a strange story, I check it out with one of my "trustworthy" sites, and 999 times out of 1000, I am surprised to learn that the trustworthy site not only tells me the story is a hoax, but that the hoax has been around since 1998, where it originated, why it is still circulating (e.g., the grains of truth which tend to bring the story to present consciousness, etc.), and other information which I didn't know. Further, these sites often are "up to the minute" on new stuff, too.

There is no substitute for determining "who ya gonna call?"

I really like that quote, although I don't know who to attribute it to: "The trouble with keeping an open mind is that people are always dropping their garbage in it." Perhaps this was Pogo, too?

David R. Fordham
PBGH Faculty Fellow
James Madison University

URL = This is the abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator, the addressing system used in the World Wide Web and other Internet resources. The URL contains information about the method of access, the server to be accessed and the path of any file to be accessed.

USB = (See Bus.)

USENet or Usenet = USEr's Network of machines that exchange information tagged with labels called "newsgroups" which are transmitted between individuals at universities, secondary schools, government agencies, home computers, etc. Databases are available on many topics, from foreign hotels to kite flying. USENet traffic can be carried on the Internet, but is not restricted to the Internet. Internet users can exchange papers and lengthy data files.  Anyone putting up a USENet newsgroup will discover that it is somewhat tedious.

Probably the least understood and least used resources on the Internet is Usenet (as opposed to the popular www). A nice article appears in "A Network for the World" by Richard Koreto in the Journal of Accountancy, August 1998, 33-35.

There are a variety of search engines that specialize in newsgroup searching, but few offer original content - most pull information from the DejaNews index. Tile.net at http://www.tile.net , however, provides special functions you won't find in standard search engines and that can prove very useful in resear ching newsgroup information. Tile.net is a Web site designed to make USENET newsgroups easy to find. Tile.net's advantage over other newsgroup indexes is that it helps you search for newsgroups rather than individual messages. Tile.net also provides statistics and other information about newsgroups and provides a link directly to each newsgroup, which will launch your Web browser newsreaders. Newsgroups in Tile.net are organized by index, description, and newsgroup hierarchy. Tile.net also provides information about listservs, FTP sites, and computer product vendors.

One of the more frequently posted questions is "How can I create a new newsgroup?" Briefly, creating a new newsgroup in the comp, humanities, misc, news, rec, sci, soc or talk hierarchies involves first proposing the newsgroup in news.announce.newgroups, then conducting a "vote" among those Usenet readers who have an opinion on the proposed group. The entire process can take up to three months.   For additional details see http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/8211/newgroup.html     See Chat Lines and IRC.

User = Under NetWare, the definition of a set of access rights for an individual.

User app = (See Plug-in)

UUCP = Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol that can be used for transferring files between Unix computers on network. (See also FTP)



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