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Jensen's Technology Glossary
(Starting with "J")



By Bob Jensen,
Trinity University,
New Hampshire, U.S.A.

http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/




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Java = A programming (a slow running derivative of C++) language also known as "Hot Java" from Sun Microsystems that is designed for browser plug-in running of applications called "applets." In 1997, IBM became the world leader in Java development with its subsidiary Taligent developer leading the way. Java has spread like wildfire among software developers. and can now be run from leading browsers such as the Netsacape Navigator and Microsoft's Internet Explorer. An especially important advantage of Java is the ability to run applets on virtually any operating system (Windows, Macintosh, OS/2, etc.) or even without a GUI operating system. Plug-in utilities are now available on most WWW browsers. An important advantage on network computers is the Remote Method Invocation (RMI) standard. RMI is that part of the Java programming language library which enables a Java program running on one computer to access the objects and methods of another Java program running on a different computer. Java is extremely controversial since it allows for "centralized" housing of software to run on inexpensive networked computers (as opposed to decentralized installation of software on higher-capacity desktop machines). Many users hope to rent software (e.g., word processors) as opposed to purchasing and installing software on individual machines. Although it has been possible for some time to purchase LAN versions of software for multiple machines, Java makes it possible to run software world wide from a single server. Traffic jams on the Internet, however, are serious obstacles to the future of Java. Java has put Sun Microsystems in head-to-head combat with Microsoft's newer OLE options for running applications on the Internet. See "Java Takes Hold" in NewMedia, July 15, 1996, pp. 46-54. Note especially Page 54 and Microsoft's strategy of embedding Java in Windows in an effort to stave off the Java threat of no longer needing the Windows operating system. Microsoft is also attempting to thwart Java success by extending Windows OLE capabilities. Options for creating and playing digital audio Java applets are reviewed in deCarmo (1996). For interactive computing on the web, see Distributed Network Computing.See also Taligent, IDL , World Wide Web and OLE.

JavaScript = a web document scripting language introduced by Netscape. These are codes that allow users to go beyond what is possible in HTML coding of web documents. You may learn more about them by searching for the term "Java Scripts" in my bookmarks file. A good starting site is at Netscape's JavaScript File. You may also search some key references such as the web site http://www2.bath.ac.uk/~ccsnad/java/jsfaq.html. A summary of JavaSript commands can be found at http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1996/jw-12-javascript.html Some good JavaScript hints are given by Jen at http://www.frymulti.com/~jwang/jsintro.html . For interactive computing on the web, see Distributed Network Computing.

JavaStation = a low cost hardware unit that provides users an internet browser specifically designed to employ Java. The first model introduced was described in "Information Week," October 28, 1996, p. 24. JavaStation is based on the Pico-Java technology that Sun licenses to developers for WWW-based microcomputing. (See also Browser and Java)

Java Virtual Machine = software that allows Java to run on different platforms (operating systems.)

JDBC = Java Database Connectivity standard that allows Java to interface with databases. See Database, IDL, and Java.

Jeeves = (See Search Engine /.)

JITT = Just-In-Time Training. In many technical and complex areas it is not practical for employees or other persons to be knowledgeable about all details at all times. For example, it has become impractical for auditors to have a working knowledge of every accounting and auditing standard in the United States and other nations. Physicians and other medical practitioners cannot have instant recall of details of every disease and combination of medical symptoms and treatments. JITT refers to a process (that is usually aided by computers, compact discs, computer networks, and/or teleconferencing) in which the person receives training "just-in-time" when it is needed for a particular purpose. The JITT process may change the entire process of education and training, because the focus may become how to effectively access and utilize JITT rather than how to teach students and/or employees technical details that have to be memorized long before they are needed in practice. (See also Kiosk)

Joy stick = A remote control device that can be used in place of a keyboard or a mouse to allow for interactions between a computer and its user. Joy sticks are commonly used for computer games and usually connect through a serial port.

JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group standards for image compression that is an increasingly popular compressed graphics image file, the extension for which is usually jpg. Because large and high resolution graphics images with considerable color depth require massive amounts of storage (e.g., over 30 Mb) for each image, compression routines that create images almost as good with substantially fewer storage requirements are highly desirable. Doyle (1994b) calls several options "awesome," including the $940 Fast Electronic's Movie Machine Pro (415-802-0772) with M-JPEG and Avi file capturing options. Similarly, he calls the $570 Intel Smart Video Recorder (800-538-3373) and the $890 Micro Computer microVIDEO DC1 tv (800-249-6476) awesome. JPEG images are generally of sufficient quality that it is not necessary to utilize more storage space for uncompressed files. JPEG compression of graphics images requires no special playback boards. When using any compression utility such as JPEG, it pays to study the limitations. For example, JPEG compression does not work especially well with hard edges and lines in graphics images. Black and white images should never be compressed into JPEG images. Also conversions from GIF to JPEG may be disappointing since GIF images are usually color reduced before becoming GIF images. Also math coprocessors will not speed up JPEG graphics since JPEG algorithms use only integer arithmetic. JPEG can be used with motion video cards such as the RasterOps MoviePak2 video compression daughter card for Mac computers. (See also Video board, Compression, GIF, and MPEG)

jpg = (See JPEG)

Jukeboxes = Hardware devices for stacking discs, especially compact discs such as CD-ROM discs for a computer. Two hardware options for moving from one active CD to another are called jukeboxes and arrays. Jukeboxes typically take up only one SCSI device spot but they can be slow to access while the robot finds, extracts, moves, and inserts each disc. Arrays are linked CD devices that are both faster and cheaper than jukeboxes. See Glatzer (1994) for a discussion of details and comparisons of alternatives.



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