Top countries with biggest foreign-currency reserves, including gold, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position

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Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights(SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available.

These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Yen and the Pound sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by thegovernment or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves intosovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.

The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data and includes both sovereign states and non-sovereign territories (such as Hong Kong and Macau, which are under the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China). While most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros. And since all the figures below are in U.S. dollar equivalence, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures.

For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature; figures that include them may be higher or lower than those listed here. IMF or other outstanding loans are also not shown here; if they were accounted for, many nations would list lower.

Rank	Country/monetary authority	Foreign exchange reserves (Millions of US$)	Figures as of
1	People’s Republic of China	3,726,004	Sep 2013
2	Japan	1,279,346	Mar 2014
	Eurozone	771,789	Jan 2014
3	Saudi Arabia	725,685	Feb 2014
4	Switzerland	543,758	Feb 2014
5	Russia	493,326	Feb 2014
6	Taiwan	423,059	Feb 2014
7	Brazil	363,914	Mar 2014
8	Republic of Korea	351,792	Feb 2014
9	Hong Kong	315,919	Feb 2014
10	India	311,858	May 2014
11	Singapore	272,906	Mar 2014
12	Germany	210,554	Feb 2014
13	Algeria	192,500	Dec 2013
14	Mexico	185,467	Mar 2014
15	Thailand	168,081	Feb 2014
16	France	159,761	Feb 2014
17	Italy	149,685	Jan 2014
18	United States	144,355	Apr 2014
19	United Kingdom	141,103	Mar 2014
20	Malaysia	130,604	Feb 2014
21	Turkey	126,051	Mar 2014
22	Libya	120,900	Dec 2013
23	Poland	104,407	Feb 2014
24	Indonesia	102,741	Feb 2014
25	Denmark	87,864	Feb 2014
26	Israel	85,570	March 2014
27	Philippines	80,540	Feb 2014
28	Canada	76,450	Mar 2014
29	Iraq	71,240	Dec 2013
30	Iran	68,060	Dec 2013
31	Sweden	66,152	Feb 2014
32	Peru	65,229	Feb 2014
33	Norway	61,643	Feb 2014
34	United Arab Emirates	58,040	Dec 2013
35	Czech Republic	57,037	Feb 2014
36	Lebanon	51,950	Dec 2013
37	South Africa	50,137	Feb 2014
38	Spain	47,575	Feb 2014
39	Romania	47,444	Mar 2014
40	Netherlands	47,427	Mar 2014
41	Hungary	46,671	Feb 2014
42	Australia	46,351	Feb 2014
43	Colombia	43,549	Feb 2014
44	Chile	40,970	Mar 2014
45	Qatar	40,199	Feb 2014
46	Nigeria	39,001	Mar 2014
47	Angola	37,940	Dec 2013
48	Kuwait	34,350	Dec 2013
49	Vietnam	32,490	Dec 2013
50	Belgium	27,873	Feb 2014
51	Argentina	27,007	Mar 2014
52	Kazakhstan	26,117	Feb 2014
53	Austria	24,548	Feb 2014
54	Venezuela	21,150	Dec 2013
55	Bangladesh	20,003	Apr 2014
56	Portugal	19,449	Feb 2014
57	Bulgaria	18,770	Feb 2014
58	Morocco	18,317	Nov 2013
59	New Zealand	18,263	Feb 2014
60	Egypt	16,654	Jan 2014
61	Croatia	16,619	Mar 2014
62	Uruguay	16,497	Mar 2014
63	Serbia	15,870	Dec 2013
64	Macau	15,468	Feb 2014
65	Ukraine	15,462	Feb 2014
66	Bolivia	14,460	Dec 2013
67	Jordan	14,242	Feb 2014
68	Azerbaijan	13,080	Dec 2013
69	Finland	11,381	Feb 2014
70	Trinidad and Tobago	10,070	Dec 2013
71	Pakistan	9,321	Mar 2014
72	Lithuania	7,609	Mar 2014
73	Greece	7,524	Mar 2014
74	Guatemala	7,161	Jan 2014
75	Costa Rica	6,786	Mar 2014
76	Sri Lanka	6,452	Dec 2013
77	Paraguay	6,336	Dec 2013
78	Belarus	6,144	Feb 2014
79	Cambodia	5,415	Dec 2013
80	Iceland	4,405	Feb 2014
81	Dominican Republic	4,379	Dec 2013
82	Nepal	4,339	Dec 2013
83	Mauritius	3,663	Feb 2014
84	Latvia	3,527	Feb 2014
85	El Salvador	3,020	Feb 2014
86	Honduras	2,956	Feb 2014
87	Georgia	2,626	Feb 2014
88	Moldova	2,488	Feb 2014
89	Mongolia	2,446	Jan 2014
90	Slovakia	2,299	Feb 2014
91	Kyrgyzstan	2,061	Feb 2014
92	Armenia	2,014	Feb 2014
93	Nicaragua	1,968	Feb 2014
94	Ireland	1,658	Mar 2014
95	Slovenia	1,191	Feb 2014
96	Luxembourg	970	Feb 2014
97	Cyprus	920	Feb 2014
98	Laos	846	Dec 2013
99	Malta	670	Feb 2014
100	Estonia	395	Feb 2014

Published - May 2014

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