Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
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This list contains Germanic elements
of the English language which have a close corresponding
Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic - in
most cases these words are not cognates.
It is worth noting that usually the
Germanic-based words sound more common, and the Latinate-based
ones more lofty.
Note that sometimes the English word
has shifted meaning from its Germanic origins, for
instance the word "throw" originally meant
"turn" etc.
Germanic source
|
Germanic
|
Latinate
|
Latin source
|
Old Norse angr
Gmc *wraiþiþo
|
anger
wrath
|
rage
ire
|
rabiēs
īra
|
WGmc *aiskōn
|
ask
|
inquire
request
|
in + quaerere
re + quaerere
|
Gmc *ga-waraz
|
aware
|
cognizant
|
cognoscere
|
Gmc *bakam
|
back (n)
|
dorsum (> dorsal)
|
dorsum
|
Gmc *beforan
|
before
|
prior to
|
prior
|
WGmc *be + *ginnan
|
begin
|
commence
|
com + initiāre
|
Gmc *ga-laubjan
|
belief
|
creed or credence
|
crēdere
|
Gmc *balgiz
|
belly
|
abdomen
|
abdomen
|
Old English bodig
|
bodily
|
corporal
|
corpus
|
Gmc *brōþar
|
brotherly
|
fraternal
|
frāternus, frater
|
Gmc *bugjanan
|
buy
|
purchase
|
pro- + (vulgar L.) captiare
|
WGmc *kalbam
|
calf
|
veal
|
vitellus, vitulus
|
Gmc *koluz
|
cool
|
acquiesce
|
ad- + quiescere
|
Gmc *kilþam
|
child
|
infant
|
īnfāns
|
Gmc *kweman
|
come
|
arrive
|
ad + ripa
|
Gmc *kōuz
|
cow
|
beef, bovine
cattle
|
bōs/bōvis
med. L capitale
|
Gmc *daudaz + *likaz
|
deadly
|
mortal
fatal
|
mortālis
fatum
|
Gmc *deupaz
|
deep
|
profound
|
pro + fundus
|
Gmc *deuzam
|
deer
|
venison
|
venātiō/nis
|
Gmc *erþō
|
earth
|
soil
|
solium
|
Gmc *austra
|
eastern
|
oriental
|
orīri
|
Gmc *anðiōn
|
end
|
finish
complete
discontinue
|
fīnīre
complēre
dis- + continuāre
|
Gmc *fadar + *likaz
|
fatherly
|
paternal
|
paternus, pater
|
WGmc *fōljan
|
feeling
|
sentiment, sensation
|
sensus, sentiō
|
Gmc *fullijan + *up
|
fill up
|
replenish
|
re + plēnus
|
Gmc *furistaz
|
first
|
primary
|
prīmus
|
Gmc *floþuz
|
flood
|
inundate
|
inundāre < in + unda
|
Gmc *fulgian
|
follow
|
ensue
|
in- + sequi
|
Gmc *fur-*biudan
|
forbid
|
prohibit
interdict
|
prohibēre < pro +
habēre
inter + dicere, dictus
|
WGmc *fur-*getan
|
forgetting
|
oblivion
|
oblīviscī
|
Gmc *fura + *taljanan (calque)
|
foretell
|
predict
|
praedīcere
|
WGmc *fuχs + *likaz
|
fox-like
|
vulpine
|
vulpēs
|
Gmc *frijaz
|
freedom
|
liberty
|
lībertās < līber
|
Gmc *frijond + *likaz
|
friendly
|
amicable
|
amīcus
|
Gmc *gadurojan
|
gather
|
assemble
|
ad + simul
|
Old Norse geta + Gmc *af
|
get off
|
descend
|
de- + scandere
|
Old Norse geta + Gmc *ut
|
get out
|
produce
|
pro- + ducere
|
Gmc *giftiz
|
gift
|
present
|
prae- + essere
|
Gmc *geban
|
give
|
provide
|
pro + vidēre
|
Gmc *glaþaz
|
gladness
|
joy
pleasure
delight
|
gaudium
placēre
dēlēctāre
|
Gmc *guþan
|
god
|
deity
|
deus
|
WGmc *gaian + Gmc *an
|
go on
|
proceed
|
pro- + cedere
|
Gmc *getiskanan
|
guess
|
suppose
presume
surmise
|
sub- + ponere
prae + sumere
super- + mittere
|
Gmc *χauzjian
|
hearing
|
audience
|
audīre
|
Gmc *χatojanan
|
hate
|
detest
|
de- + testari
|
Gothic *haiþi
|
heathen
|
pagan
|
pāgānus
|
WGmc *χōdjan
|
heed
|
attention
|
atteniō, attendere
|
Gmc *χauχiþa
|
height
|
altitude
|
altitūdō (< altus)
|
Gmc *χelpan
|
help
|
assist
|
assistere < ad + sistere
|
WGmc *χannja
|
hen
|
poultry
|
pullus
|
Gmc *χulnis
|
hill
|
mount
|
mōns, montis
|
Gmc *χrussaz
|
horse
|
equestrian
|
equestris
|
Gmc *χundaz + *likaz
|
hound-like
|
canine
|
canis
|
WGmc *jukkjan
|
itch
|
irritate
|
irritāre
|
Gmc *knoean
|
know
|
recognize
|
re + cognoscere
|
Gmc *laiþjan
|
leader
|
duke
president
|
dux
praesidēns
|
Gmc *laibijan
|
leave
|
depart
egress
exit
|
dispertīre
ēgressus
ex + īre
|
Gmc *langiþo
|
length
|
longitude
|
longitūdō (< longus)
|
Gmc *legjan
|
lie (lie down)
|
repose
recline
|
re- + pausa
re- + clinare
|
Gmc *lubo
|
loving
|
amorous
|
amōrōsus
|
Gmc *markojan
|
mark
|
indicate
|
in- + dicare
|
Gmc *ga-makon
|
match
|
correspond
|
con + respondēre
|
WGmc *mainijan
|
mean
|
intend
signify
|
intendere
significare
|
Gmc *motijan
|
meet
|
encounter
|
incontrāre < in + contrā
|
Old Norse mistaka
|
mistake
|
error
|
error (< errāre)
|
Gmc *mōdar + *likaz
|
motherly
|
maternal
|
māternus, māter
|
Gmc *neujaz
|
new
|
novel
modern
|
novus
modernus
|
Gmc *naχt + *likaz
|
nightly
|
nocturnal
|
nocturnus
|
WGmc *alda
|
old
|
ancient
|
ante - "before"
|
Gmc *anþaraz
|
other
|
different
|
differre
|
Old English pullian + Gmc *ut
|
pull out
|
extract
|
ex- + trahere
|
Gmc *rutjan
|
rot
|
putrefy
|
putrefacere
|
Gmc *seχwan
|
see
|
perceive
|
per- + capere
|
Old Norse sœma
|
seem
|
appear
|
apparere
|
WGmc *skæpa
Gmc *lambaz
|
sheep
lamb
|
mutton
|
med. L. multō
|
WGmc *skuttjan
|
shut
|
close
|
clausus
|
Gmc *skeuχ(w)az
|
shy
|
timid
|
timidus
|
Old Norse skil
|
skillful
|
adept
|
adeptus < adipiscī
|
Gmc *slæpan
|
sleeping
|
dormant
|
dormīre
|
Gmc *seχ(w)
|
sight
|
vision
|
vidēre/vīsum
|
Gmc *sprekan
Middle English talken
|
speak
talk
|
converse
discourse
|
con- + vertere
dis- + currere
|
Gmc *swīnam
|
swine
|
pork
|
porcus
|
Old Norse taka + Gmc *up
|
take up
|
resume
|
re- + sumere
|
Gmc *taikijan
|
teach
|
educate
|
ēdūcāre < ēdūcere
|
Gmc *taljanan
|
tell
|
relate
|
relatus < re- + ferre
|
Gmc *þankjan
|
thinking
|
pensive
|
pēnsāre
|
Gmc *þankjan
|
thought
|
idea
|
idea
|
WGmc *þræan
|
throw
|
eject
|
ex- + iacere
|
Old English teorian
|
tired
|
exhausted
|
ex- + hauriō
|
Gmc *tūnaz, tūnam
|
town
|
city
|
cīvitās, cīvis
|
Old English understandan
|
understand
|
comprehend
|
comprehendere
|
Gmc *up- + *luftijan
|
uplifting
|
elevating
|
ē- + levāre
|
Gmc *utizon
|
utter
|
pronounce
|
pro- + nunciare
|
Gmc *utizon
|
utterly
|
totally
|
tōtālis
|
Gmc *wadjojan
|
wage
|
stipend
salary
|
stipendium
salārium
|
Gmc *wakan
|
wait
|
expect
|
ex + spectāre
|
Gmc *wakan
|
watch
|
observe
|
ob + servāre
|
Gmc *wakan
|
watchful
|
vigilant
|
vigilāre
|
Gmc *westra
|
western
|
occidental
|
occidere
|
Gmc *(ga)χailaz
|
whole
|
entire
|
integer
|
Gmc *widas
|
width
|
latitude
|
latitūdō (< latus)
|
Gmc *wisaz
|
wise
|
prudent
|
prudēns < providēns
|
Gmc *wunskjan
|
wish
|
desire
|
desiderāre
|
Gmc *wulfaz + *likaz
|
wolf-like
|
lupine
|
lūpus
|
Gmc *widuz
|
wood
|
lignin
|
lignum
|
WGmc *gelwa
|
yellow
|
ochre
|
ochra
|
* reconstructed form
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