Glossary of Respiratory Protection Terms
By
U.S. Department of Labor,
Occupational Safety & Health Administration,
Constitution Avenue, NW,
Washington, DC 20210, U.S.A.
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/oshafiles/glossary.html
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The following definitions are important terms
used in the respiratory protection standard and terms
that will assist in the understanding and the application
of the NIOSH decision logic.
Air-Purifying Respirator: A
respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge,
or canister that removes specific air contaminants by
passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.
OSHA Definition
Assigned Protection Factor (APF): See
PROTECTION
FACTOR. NIOSH Definition
Assigned Protection Factor (APF):
[Reserved] OSHA Definition
Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator:
A respirator that supplies the respirator user with
breathing air from a source independent of the ambient
atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators (SARs)
and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
OSHA Definition
Breakthrough: The penetration
of challenge material(s) through a gas or a vapor air-purifying
element. The quantity or extent of breakthrough during
service life testing is often referred to as the percentage
of the input concentration. NIOSH Definition
Canister or Cartridge: A container
with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination
of these items, which removes specific contaminants
from the air passed through the container. OSHA
Definition
Demand Respirator: An atmosphere-supplying
respirator that admits breathing air to the facepiece
only when a negative pressure is created inside the
facepiece by inhalation. OSHA Definition
Disposable Respirators: A respirator that is
discarded after the end of its recommended period of use, after excessive resistance or
physical damage, or when odor breakthrough or other warning indicators render the
respirator unsuitable for further use. NIOSH Definition
Dust: A solid, mechanically
produced particle with a size ranging from submicroscopic
to macroscopic. NIOSH Definition
Emergency Respirator Use Situation: A
situation that requires the use of respirators due to
the unplanned generation of a hazardous atmosphere (often
of unknown composition) caused by an accident, mechanical
failure, or other means and that requires evacuation
of personnel or immediate entry for rescue or corrective
action. NIOSH Definition
Emergency Situation: Any occurrence
such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture
of containers, or failure of control equipment that
may or does result in an uncontrolled significant release
of an airborne contaminant. OSHA Definition
Employee Exposure: Exposure
to a concentration of an airborne contaminant that would
occur if the employee were not using respiratory protection. OSHA
Definition
End-Of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI):
A system that warns the respirator user of
the approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection;
for example, that the sorbent is approaching saturation
or is no longer effective. OSHA Definition
Escape Gas Mask: A gas mask
that consists of a half-mask facepiece or mouthpiece,
a canister, and associated connections, and that is
designed for use during escape-only from hazardous atmospheres. NIOSH
Definition
Escape Only Respirator: Respiratory
devices that are designed for use only during escape
from hazardous atmospheres. NIOSH Definition
Escape-Only Respirator: A respirator
intended to be used only for emergency exit. OSHA
Definition
Filter or Air-Purifying Element: A
component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid
aerosols from the inspired air. OSHA Definition
Filtering Facepiece: A particulate respirator with a
filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the
filtering medium. (See SINGLE-USE DUST or DUST
and MIST RESPIRATORS and DISPOSABLE RESPIRATORS.) NIOSH
Definition
Filtering Facepiece (Dust Mask): A
negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter
as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire
facepiece composed of the filtering medium. OSHA
Definition
Fit Factor: A quantitative measure
of the fit of a specific respirator facepiece to a particular
individual. NIOSH Definition
Fit Factor: A quantitative estimate
of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific
individual, and typically estimates the ratio of the
concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration
inside the respirator when worn. OSHA Definition
Fit Test: Means
the use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively
evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual. (See
also Qualitative fit test QLFT and Quantitative fit
test QNFT.) OSHA Definition
Fume:A solid condensation particulate,
usually of a vaporized metal. NIOSH Definition
Gas: An aeriform fluid that
is in a gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure.
NIOSH Definition
Helmet: A rigid respiratory
inlet covering that also provides head protection against
impact and penetration. OSHA Definition
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter:
A filter that is at least 99.97% efficient
in removing monodisperse particles of 0.3 micrometers
in diameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84 particulate
filters are the N100, R100, and P100 filters. OSHA
Definition
Hood: Means a respiratory inlet
covering that completely covers the head and neck and
may also cover portions of the shoulders and torso.
OSHA Definition
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH):
Acute respiratory exposure that poses an immediate
threat of loss of life, immediate or delayed irreversible
adverse effects on health, or acute eye exposure that
would prevent escape from a hazardous atmosphere. NIOSH
Definition
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH):
An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat
to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects,
or would impair an individual's ability to escape from
a dangerous atmosphere. OSHA Definition
Interior Structural Firefighting: The
physical activity of fire suppression, rescue or both,
inside of buildings or enclosed structures which are
involved in a fire situation beyond the incipient stage.
(See 29 CFR 1910.155) OSHA Definition
Loose-Fitting Facepiece:
A respiratory inlet covering that is designed
to form a partial seal with the face. OSHA Definition
Maximum Use Concentration (MUC): [Reserved] OSHA
Definition
Mist: A liquid condensation
particulate. NIOSH Definition
Negative Pressure Respirator (Tight Fitting):
A respirator in which the air pressure inside
the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect
to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
OSHA Definition
Orinasal Respirator: A
respirator that covers the nose and mouth and that generally
consists of a quarter- or half-facepiece. NIOSH Definition
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere: An
atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume.
OSHA Definition
Physician or Other Licensed Health Care Professional
(PLHCP): Means an individual whose legally
permitted scope of practice (i.e., license, registration,
or certification) allows him or her to independently
provide, or be delegated the responsibility to provide,
some or all of the health care services required by
paragraph (e) of this section. OSHA Definition
Planned or Unplanned Entry into an IDLH Environment,
an Environment of Unknown Concentration of Hazardous
Contaminant, or an Environment of Unknown Composition:
A situation in which respiratory devices are recommended
to provide adequate protection to workers entering an
area where the contaminant concentration is above the
IDLH or is unknown. NIOSH Definition
Positive Pressure Respirator: A
respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory
inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside
the respirator. OSHA Definition
Potential Occupational Carcinogen: Any
substance, or combination or mixture of substances,
which causes an increased incidence of benign and/or
malignant neoplasms, or a substantial decrease in the
latency period between exposure and onset of neoplasms
in humans or in one or more experimental mammalian species
as the result of any oral, respiratory, or dermal exposure,
or any other exposure which results in the induction
of tumors at a site other than the site of administration.
This definition also includes any substance that is
metabolized into one or more potential occupational
carcinogens by mammals (29 CFR 1990.103, OSHA Cancer
Policy). NIOSH Definition
Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR): An
air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force
the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the
inlet covering. OSHA Definition
Pressure Demand Respirator:A
positive pressure atmosphere- supplying respirator that
admits breathing air to the facepiece when the positive
pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.
OSHA Definition
Protection Factors:
NIOSH Definition
Assigned Protection Factor (APF): The
minimum anticipated protection provided by a properly
functioning respirator or class of respirators to
a given percentage of properly fitted and trained
users.
Simulated Workplace Protection Factor (SWPF):
A surrogate measure of the workplace protection
provided by a respirator.
Workplace Protection Factor (WPF):
A measure of the protection provided in the
workplace by a properly functioning respirator when
correctly worn and used.
Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT): A pass/fail fit test
to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies
on the individual's response to the test agent. OSHA
Definition
Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT): Means
an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically
measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.
OSHA Definition
Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): An
8- or 10-hour time-weighted average (TWA) or ceiling
(C) exposure concentration recommended by NIOSH that
is based on an evaluation of the health effects data. NIOSH
Definition
Respiratory Inlet Covering: The
portion of a respirator that forms the protective barrier
between the user's respiratory tract and an air-purifying
device or breathing air source, or both. It may be a
facepiece, a helmet, a hood, a suit, or a mouthpiece
respirator with nose clamp. OSHA Definition
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): An
atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing
air source is designed to be carried by the user. OSHA
Definition
Service Life: The length of
time required for an air-purifying element to reach
a specific effluent concentration. Service life is determined
by the type of substance being removed, the concentration
of the substance, the ambient temperature, the specific
element being tested (cartridge or canister), the flow
rate resistance, and the selected breakthrough value.
The service life for a self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) is the period of time, as determined by the NIOSH
certification tests, in which adequate breathing gas
is supplied. NIOSH Definition
Service Life: The period of
time that a respirator, filter or sorbent, or other
respiratory equipment provides adequate protection to
the wearer. OSHA Definition
Single-Use Dust or Dust and Mist Respirators:
Respirators approved for use against dusts or mists that may cause pneumoconiosis and
fibrosis. NIOSH Definition
Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR) or Airline
Respirator: An atmosphere-supplying respirator
for which the source of breathing air is not designed
to be carried by the user. OSHA Definition
This Section: This respiratory
protection standard. OSHA Definition
Tight-Fitting Facepiece: A respiratory
inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face.
OSHA Definition
User Seal Check: An action conducted
by the respirator user to determine if the respirator
is properly seated to the face. OSHA Definition
Vapor: The gaseous state of
a substance that is solid or liquid at temperatures
and pressures normally encountered. NIOSH Definition
Source:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/oshafiles/glossary.html
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