Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms
(Starting with "V")
By
AIDSinfo,
Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms, 5th Edition, AIDSinfo,
October 2005
ContactUs[at]aidsinfo.nih.gov
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov
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VAT
See: Visceral Adipose Tissue
VL
See: Viral Load
VZV
See: Varicella Zoster Virus
Vaccination
Administration of a vaccine for either preventive or
therapeutic purposes.
See Also: Vaccine
Preventive
HIV Vaccine
Therapeutic
HIV Vaccine
Vaccine
A substance that stimulates the body’s immune
response in order to prevent or control an infection.
A vaccine is typically made up of some part of a bacteria
or virus that cannot itself cause an infection. Researchers
are testing vaccines both to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS;
however, there is currently no vaccine approved for
use outside of clinical trials.
See Also: Preventive
HIV Vaccine
Therapeutic
HIV Vaccine
Vaccinia
A cowpox virus that is used as a vaccine against smallpox
infection and as a vector, or carrier, for other types
of vaccine. In HIV vaccine clinical trials, vaccinia
and other herpesviruses have been used as vectors.
See Also: Vector
Herpesviruses
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
A virus in the herpes family that causes chicken pox
(usually during childhood) and may reactivate later
in life to cause shingles.
See Also: Herpesviruses
Shingles
Vector
A harmless virus or bacteria used as a vaccine carrier
to deliver pieces of a disease-causing organism (such
as HIV) into the body’s cells in order to stimulate
a protective immune response.
See Also: Vaccine
Vertical Transmission
A term used to describe the transmission of a disease
from parent(s) to offspring. For example, HIV can be
spread vertically from mother to child during pregnancy,
at birth, or through breastfeeding.
See Also: Mother-to-Child
Transmission
Horizontal
Transmission
Viral Load (VL)
The amount of HIV RNA in a blood sample, reported as
number of HIV RNA copies per mL of blood plasma. The
VL provides information about the number of cells infected
with HIV and is an important indicator of HIV progression
and how well treatment is working. The VL can be measured
by different techniques, including branched chain DNA
(bDNA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) assays. VL tests are usually done when an individual
is diagnosed with HIV infection and at regular intervals
after diagnosis.
See Also: Branched
Chain DNA Assay
Reverse
Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Viral Load Test
Test that measures the quantity of HIV RNA in the blood.
Results are reported as the number of copies of HIV
RNA per mL of blood plasma. The two types of HIV viral
load test are reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) and branched chain DNA (bDNA).
See Also: Viral
Load
Reverse
Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Branched
Chain DNA Assay
Viral Rebound
Reappearance of HIV in the blood after having been successfully
suppressed to undetectable levels following anti-HIV
drug treatment.
See Also: Undetectable
Viral Load
Virologic Failure
Viremia
The presence of virus in the bloodstream.
Viricide
Any substance that can destroy or inactivate a virus.
Virion
A mature virus particle existing freely outside a host
cell.
Virologic Failure
Inability of anti-HIV drug treatment to reduce viral
load or to maintain suppression of viral load. Virologic
failure is the most common type of treatment failure
and may lead to immunologic and clinical failure.
See Also: Immunologic
Failure
Clinical
Failure
Viral
Load
Virology
The study of viruses and viral disease.
Virus
A microscopic organism that requires a host cell to
make more copies of itself. Examples of human diseases
caused by virus infections are AIDS, measles, mumps,
rubella, polio, influenza, and the common cold.
Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT)
A type of adipose (fat) tissue that surrounds internal
organs in the abdominal cavity. Accumulation of this
fat is known as central fat deposition or visceral lipohypertrophy,
and may occur as a side effect of some anti-HIV medications,
especially PIs and NRTIs.
See Also: Subcutaneous
Adipose Tissue
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