Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms
(Starting with "R")
By
AIDSinfo,
Glossary of HIV/AIDS Related Terms, 5th Edition, AIDSinfo,
October 2005
ContactUs[at]aidsinfo.nih.gov
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov
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R5-Tropic Virus
Also known as M-tropic virus. A strain of HIV that uses
the chemokine receptor CCR5 as a co-receptor to bind
to and infect human cells. HIV is usually R5 tropic
early on in infection, but the virus can switch to using
a different co-receptor as the disease progresses.
See Also: X4-Tropic
Virus
CCR5
Co-Receptor
RNA
See: Ribonucleic Acid
RT
See: Reverse Transcriptase
RT-PCR
See: Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Randomized Trial
A type of clinical trial in which participants are assigned
by chance to one of two or more treatment or placebo
groups. A randomized trial design helps researchers
gather meaningful information and make valid statistical
calculations.
See Also: Clinical
Trial
Placebo
Rapid Test
A type of HIV-1 ELISA test that can detect antibodies
to HIV in the blood in less than 30 minutes with greater
than 99% sensitivity and specificity. A positive rapid
test result should be confirmed by an HIV Western blot
test.
See Also: Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay
Western
Blot
Rebound
See: Viral
Rebound
Receptor
A protein on the surface of a cell that serves as a
binding site for substances outside the cell, such as
HIV floating free in the blood.
See Also: Co-Receptor
CD4
Receptor
Recombinant
Produced by genetic engineering. Also refers to a new
organism or compound produced by inserting the genetic
material of one organism into the genetic material of
another organism.
See Also: Genetic
Engineering
Refractory
Refers to a disease or condition that has gotten worse
despite treatment.
Remission
The period during which symptoms of a disease diminish
or disappear. In people infected with HIV, effective
treatment regimens may result in the remission of HIV-associated
symptoms and conditions.
Renal
Pertaining to the kidneys.
Rescue Therapy
See: Salvage
Therapy
Resistance
See: Drug
Resistance
Resistance Testing
A laboratory test to determine if an individual's HIV
strain is resistant to any anti-HIV drugs.
See Also: Genotypic
Assay
Phenotypic
Assay
Drug
Resistance
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the retina from the inner wall of the
eye. Retinal detachment can be a complication of cytomegalovirus
(CMV) retinitis and can cause vision loss.
See Also: Cytomegalovirus
Retinitis
Retinitis
Inflammation of the retina, the thin layer of tissue
that lines the inside back wall of the eye and functions
like the film of a camera. In people with HIV, retinitis
can be caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). If untreated,
retinitis can lead to blindness. Symptoms include floating
spots, flashing lights, blind spots, and blurred vision.
See Also: Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Retinitis
Retrovirus
A type of virus that stores its genetic information
in a single-stranded RNA molecule, then constructs a
double-stranded DNA version of its genes using a special
enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The DNA copy is
then integrated into the host cell's own genetic material.
HIV is an example of a retrovirus.
See Also: Reverse
Transcriptase
Integration
Provirus
Reverse Transcriptase (RT)
An enzyme found in HIV and other retroviruses. RT converts
single-stranded HIV RNA into double-stranded HIV DNA.
Some anti-HIV drugs interfere with this stage of HIV's
life cycle.
See Also: Nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Non-Nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Provirus
Retrovirus
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR)
A laboratory test that measures the amount of HIV RNA
(also known as viral load) in a blood sample by replicating
HIV's genetic material to measurable levels. RT-PCR
is the primary way that health care providers monitor
HIV infection and its treatment.
See Also: Polymerase
Chain Reaction
Viral
Load
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Chemical structure that carries genetic instructions
for protein synthesis. Although DNA is the primary genetic
material of cells, RNA is the genetic material for some
viruses.
See Also: Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Messenger
RNA
Ryan White Care Act
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency
(CARE) Act is Federal legislation that addresses unmet
health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS by funding
primary health care and support services that enhance
access to and retention in care. The CARE Act is administered
by the Health Resources and Services Administration
(HRSA).
See Also: Health
Resources and Services Administration
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