Glossary of Institutions, policies and enlargement of the European Union
(Starting with "K")
©
European Communities, 1995-2007
http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/index_en.htm
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Kyoto
Protocol
Adopted in December 1997, this Protocol
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) highlights the international community's
new attitude towards the phenomenon of climate change.
Under the Protocol, the industrialised countries have
undertaken to reduce their emissions of six greenhouse
gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride) by at least
5% during the period 2008–2012 compared with
1990 levels.
The Kyoto Protocol provides for three
market-based mechanisms: emissions trading between
countries which signed the Protocol, joint implementation
of projects by these countries, and the clean development
mechanism (with countries which did not sign the Protocol).
For their part, the Member States
of the European Union (EU) have undertaken to reduce
their emissions over the same period by 8%. In 2003,
global emissions of the six greenhouse gases in the
countries of the Union were 1.7% below 1990 levels.
On 31 May 2002, the Union and its
Member States ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Russia's
ratification of the Protocol in 2004 allowed it to
enter into force on 16 February 2005 and become binding
on the signatory countries.
The Kyoto Protocol is a first step
towards tackling the problem of climate change. In
November 2005, a Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC
and the Kyoto Protocol gave renewed impetus to the
Protocol and laid the foundations for future discussions
on the international framework to tackle climate change.
Moreover, at the European Council in March 2007 the
EU undertook unilaterally to reduce its CO2 emissions
by 20% by 2020 and called on developed countries to
conclude an international agreement establishing a
global reduction target of 30% by 2020.
See:
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