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Glossary of Institutions, policies and enlargement of the European Union
(Starting with "B")



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Barcelona Process

The Barcelona Process, also known as the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, constitutes the policy of the European Union towards the Mediterranean countries. Its purpose is to strengthen the links between the Union and the partner countries, whilst encouraging closer ties among the Mediterranean countries themselves.

The objective of the Partnership launched in 1995 following the Barcelona Declaration is to promote peace and stability in the region by establishing a political dialogue that respects the partners' shared values, such as democracy and the rule of law. Further aims are to promote the prevention and resolution of conflicts, as well as prosperity, particularly through the creation of a free-trade area, and to develop cooperation.

In this context, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership brings together the Member States of the Union and the Mediterranean countries under a large-scale programme with three strands: a political and security strand, an economic and financial strand and a social and cultural strand. Strengthening cooperation in the fields of justice, migration and social inclusion is also an important element of the Process.

The Partnership is put into effect both bilaterally and regionally. The bilateral arrangements are tailored to the individual partner country, an important aspect being the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements. The Process is also supported by Community funding, the MEDA programme and the European Investment Bank's Facility for Euro-Mediterranean Investment and Partnership (FEMIP).

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Broad economic policy guidelines (BEPG)

The broad economic policy guidelines (BEPG), which take the form of a Council recommendation, are the central link in coordination of the Member States' economic policies. They ensure multilateral surveillance of economic trends in the Member States. Since 2003, the BEPG have been published for a period of three consecutive years.

Their legal basis is Article 99 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the Commission, produces a draft for the BEPG and reports its findings to the European Council, which adopts a conclusion. On the basis of this conclusion, the Council, acting by a qualified majority, adopts a recommendation setting out these broad guidelines. The European Parliament is informed of this recommendation.

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Budget

All the European Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts.

The budget is governed by several principles, including:

  • unity: all the revenue and expenditure is brought together in a single document;
  • annuality: budget operations relate to a given budget year;
  • equilibrium: expenditure must not exceed revenue.

The European Commission is responsible for submitting an annual preliminary draft budget to the Council, which shares budgetary authority with the European Parliament. The nature of the expenditure determines how power is shared between the two institutions, depending on whether the expenditure is compulsory (the Council has the last word) or non-compulsory (the Parliament takes the final decision). Ultimately, the European Parliament adopts or rejects the budget as a whole.

In order to stabilise the annual budgets, they have since 1988 been the subject of multiannual interinstitutional agreements between Parliament, the Council and the Commission on budgetary discipline. These multiannual "financial perspectives" govern the allocation of expenditure and seek to ensure a suitable level of funding and support the Union's priorities.

The European Constitution now being ratified provides for the financial perspectives to be institutionalised under the name of the "multiannual financial framework", to be respected by all the institutions. This is intended to ensure that expenditure develops in an orderly fashion within the limits of the Union's own resources.

The Constitution also does away with the current distinction under the budgetary procedure between compulsory expenditure and non-compulsory expenditure.

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